智慧城市视角下城市洪涝模拟研究综述

Research on urban flood simulation:a review from the smart city perspective

智慧城市是城市发展的新兴模式。然而,近年来频发的城市洪涝给智慧城市的管理和发展带来了严峻的挑战。暴雨洪涝模拟是城市防洪减灾的关键技术之一,也是智慧城市风险应急管理中重要的决策支持依据。本文首先分析了智慧城市以及智慧水务的内涵,探讨了智慧城市发展和管理对于城市洪涝模拟新的需求;在此基础上梳理了智慧城市发展给城市洪涝模型带来的新的数据支撑;面向智慧城市应急管理决策,对比分析了3种现有的水文模型方法,认为在智慧城市大数据和技术的支持下,基于物理基础的分布式模型是未来城市洪涝模拟的主流发展方向。最后,探讨了建立城市洪涝模型的建模机制、尺度、基础数据库的建立、更新和管理、地表与地下管网模拟并重等关键问题,分析认为精细化、与RS和GIS技术融合、注重时空过程和智慧服务是智慧城市背景下城市洪涝模拟发展的必然趋势。

Smart city is the emerging pattern of city development. However, in recent years, frequent urban floods have brought serious challenges to the management and development of smart cities. Urban flooding simulation is not only one of the key technologies of city flood control and mitigation, but also an important decision support tool for smart city disaster risk and emergency management. This article first indicates the connotation of smart city and smart water, and analyzes the new requirements of smart city development and management on urban flood inundation models. Second, it discusses the newly available data support of urban flood simulation models brought by the development of smart cities, and compares three existing hydrological models from the perspective of city emergency management decision-making. Third, this article points out that under the support of big data and technology of smart cities, the hydraulic-based distributed urban flood simulation models have a promising prospect in application. By analyzing the development of urban flood simulation models, we conclude that micro-level simulation, integration with remote sensing and GIS technologies, and emphasis on spatiotemporal process of flood inundation and smart service are the inevitable trend of development of urban flood simulation models.