产业转移技术溢出效应研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of technology spillover effect of industrial transfer

产业转移技术溢出是技术流动和扩散的重要形式。本文梳理了产业转移技术溢出研究的演进脉络;总结了近年学界对产业转移技术溢出效应的主要论争,并基于技术、供体、受体、流通网络、距离条件、外部环境等影响因素对上述论争进行了解释。认为产业转移技术溢出具有很强的时空情景性和权变性,技术、空间与行为主体的异质性决定了产业转移技术溢出并非一种必然的经济现象,而是一种深受产业特征、区域条件、外部环境影响的或有效应。目前学界对产业转移技术溢出效应存在论争主要是由于不同实证区域的因素条件存在差异,今后应充分考虑案例区特质并设定严格的约束条件。最后提出了5个需要重点研究的方向:一是产业转移技术溢出或有性;二是技术流通网络影响;三是距离因素影响;四是转移企业对技术溢出的控制机制;五是国际、国内产业转移技术溢出机制的差异。

Technology spillover of industrial transfer is an important form of technology flow and diffusion. This article reviews the evolution of research on technology spillover of industrial transfer and summarizes the main debates in recent years on technology spillover effect of industrial transfer. The view of 'significant positive effect' mainly originated from the observation of positive knowledge transfer from developed countries or regions to less developed countries or regions, while the view of 'non-significant effect or negative effect' mainly originated from the recognition of obstacles of technology spillover, especially the will of technology spillover of the transferred enterprises. Based on the influence of factors such as technology, donor and receptor, circulation network, distance, and external environment on the technology spillover effect of industrial transfer, this article provides explanations on these debates. The article holds that technology spillover effect of industrial transfer has strong spatiotemporal characteristics. Heterogeneity of technology, space, and agents determines that technology spillover of industrial transfer is not an inevitable economic phenomenon, but a contingent effect deeply influenced by industrial characteristics, regional conditions, and external environment. The main reason for the academic debates is the difference in influencing factors of different regions of empirical research. Moreover, some of the studies did not fully consider the influence of related factors. Future study on technology spillover of industrial transfer should fully consider the characteristics of case study regions and set strict constraints. Finally,this article puts forward five research directions that need to be focused on in future research:(1) contingency of technology spillover of industrial transfer;(2) the influence of technology circulation network;(3) the influence of distance;(4) the control mechanism of transferred enterprises to technology spillover; and(5) the difference of technology spillover mechanisms between international and interregional industrial transfer.