临港石化集聚对城镇人居环境影响的居民感知——宁波镇海案例

Residents' perceptions of the impact on urban human settlements from petrochemical industry cluster in port area:Case study of Zhenhai district

沿海港口地区大量地集聚化工企业,导致生态环境型邻避冲突在滨海港口城市不断涌现。利用问卷调查、半结构访谈对镇海居民入户抽样,调查石化企业集聚对人居环境影响的居民感知。结果表明:1石化企业集聚的潜在危险与环境排放构成的居住安全、环境污染是集聚区环境外部性的首要负外部性,是影响城市人居环境的重要方面;2本地居民认知的石化集聚区环境外部性对人居环境影响的空间特征符合地理学第一定律,且青年、中青年、老年群体的感知差异初现文化集团性;3初步证实人居环境是有效刻画城市产业空间组织及其环境外部性的综合媒介,将成为政府破解"环境抗争事件"和城市产业升级的着力点。研究成果为深入理解城市产业功能区升级与城镇人居环境建设需求及阶层偏好提供了案例,同时对指导城市产业空间优化与宜居城市建设具有重要的现实意义。

Conflicts as NIMBY(not in my Backyard) from chemical plants clusters have become a major concern for some port cities. There is an urgent need to diagnose the externality stem from petrochemical industry and the influence on human settlements in neighboring areas, so as to optimize urban spatial planning and thus mitigate man- nature contradiction. Aiming to evaluate the residents' perception to the impact of petrochemical industry cluster on human settlements in Zhenhai district, with the methods of questionnaire survey and semi- structure interview, this research discussed residents' perception and its spatial differentiation about relationship between environmental effect caused by petrochemical industry cluster in port area and human settlements in detail. The result revealed that:(1)Statistics from questionnaire survey of residents' perception indicated that the residents' satisfaction about physical health, industrial emissions, air pollution, sewage discharge and disposal hold extremely low level; the security of community and environmental pollution relating to the potential harm and environmental emissions from the cluster of chemical industry were the most responsible factor for the negative environment externality and a predominant factor impact on urban human settlements as well.(2) The research was not only consistent with Tobler's First Law of Geography, which reflected how the residents perceive the environment externality with various chemical industry impact on human settlements in spatial differentiation, but also disclosed that the spatial optimization of urban industry shall take both industrial development foundation and nature suitability into account. On the other hand, there was a perceptive difference among the old, middle- aged and young people, which was manifested by education groups. With long- term residence near petrochemical industry cluster area, the environmental perception of people was characterized by changing of time series,hence the perception of old folk was more objective; On the contrary, due to shorter livelihood time and influenced extensively by various moderately disseminated environment issues, the environmental perception of middle- aged and youth was subjective and ambivalent.(3) This research preliminarily verified that the residents' perception of human settlements mirrored the pros and cons of urban industry spatial organization to a certain extent and inspire some ideas to problems. In other words, 'human settlement' could act as a comprehensive medium to vividly portray the urban industry spatial organization and environmental externality that as a key point to crack the issue of environment contention and update urban industry. This paper provides a good case to deeply understand the upgrade of urban industry functional zone, the requirement of urban human settlement development, and the preference of different hierarchies. Meanwhile, it also offers a practical significance to guide the optimizing urban industry spatial distribution and developing livable city.