基于航空公司重组的枢纽机场航班配置网络演变——以北京、上海和广州为例

Pattern of schedule network in hub airports: From the view of airlines reorganization

20世纪80年代以来,中国航空公司持续重组,航空市场结构不断变化,机场的航班配置模式也不断变化。选择北京、上海、广州三大城市机场,采用1988年、1994年和2012年的航班数据,从时间和空间两个角度,刻画航空公司重组对航班资源配置和空间网络构筑的影响。首先,刻画了航空公司重组历程,分析了其基本特征,考察了三大城市机场的航空公司结构变化特征;其次,从时间维度分析了航班资源在航空公司间的配置特征,凝练市场配置结构;同时从空间角度,分析了总体联系网络及各航空公司联系网络的变化特征。研究表明:航空公司重组在政府主导下推动,呈现长时间的集群化整合而形成四大航空公司主导的四条路径,加剧了航班配置和运输市场的垄断性,区域性垄断演变为基地性垄断,基地公司/集团在基地机场占有优势,全面垄断各时刻的航班配置,不但控制大城市间联系而且组织中小城市的联系,形成"基地机场?基地集团"的市场模式。

Since the 1980 s, due to the aviation deregulation, China's airlines have been reorganized continuously, which resulted in the great changes of the aviation market structure and flight schedule allocation in the airport. Under this background, we here selected four hub airports in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou to analyze the effect of airlines reorganization and deregulation on the schedule allocation during the period of 1988- 2012. Firstly, we described the process of China's aviation deregulation and reorganization of airlines, and analyzed its fundamental pattern and features, the changes of airlines structure. Secondly, we analyzed the features and changes of the flight schedules among the airlines and major aviation groups, and concluded the pattern of aviation market structure. Finally, we probed the differences and changes of flight schedule network. The results show that the reorganization of airlines, under the government's support, shaped four mutually independent paths dominated by four core airlines. Particularly, the monopoly level of flight schedule allocation and aviation market was strengthened, and a pair pattern of 'base airport- base ariline/group' was shaped with the base airline/group owning the predominance in its base airport. The base airline/group not only monopolized the allocation of schedule in all flight ranges but also exerted great influence on the schedule organization from the hub to both large and small cities. This research reveals the regularities of airlines reorganization in the hub airport.