基于格网的农村居民点用地时空特征及空间指向性的地理要素识别——以环渤海地区为例

Spatial-temporal characteristics of rural residential land use change and spatial directivity identification based on grid in the Bohai Rim in China

科学辨识农村居民点演变特征及其空间指向性机理,将丰富乡村地理学及村庄规划学科的研究内容。以农村居民点用地矢量数据为基础,集成格网统计、地理探测器和Logistic回归等研究方法,定量识别环渤海地区农村居民点时空地域格局及空间指向性特征。主要结论如下:1农村聚落密度和分散程度自东北向西南逐渐增加,传统农区乡村聚落密度较高。2黄淮海、鲁南等传统农区,大多农民处于"城乡双漂"的生计状态,助推农村聚落用地持续扩张,在5 km×5 km网格单元内,农村居民点用地面积多数超过3 km2。3中心地城市的持续外扩,外围农村居民点用地类型随之转变消失。4农村聚落的空间分布呈现出一定的交通指向、中心地指向、耕地资源禀赋指向、环境宜居地域指向等指向性特征。

The article focuses on the scientific issues of rural settlements and its land use change during rural- urban transformation process. Based on the land use classification data from the remote sensing images and economic- social statistics data, using a 5 km × 5 km grid for the minimum statistical scale and GIS spatial statistical analysis function, the temporalspatial change of the rural settlement and land use were comprehensively examined in the Bohai Rim in China. Main results for this study are as follows:(1) the spatial differentiation of rural settlements was significant in the Bohai Rim in China. The regions with more than five natural villages in a 5 km × 5 km grid were located in agricultural and mountainous areas,especially in southern Hebei province and southwestern Shandong province, with '6' glyph spatial pattern, gradually increasing from northeast to southwest in the Bohai Rim in China,where the rural settlements were scattered, and rural settlement land was used extensively. The density of rural settlements and scattered degree are much higher in the traditional agricultural regions. Besides, the spatial differences of rural residential land and dynamic change were significant in the Bohai Rim in China. In terms of scale, the areas of rural residential land were larger in the plain area with a higher density of rural settlements, especially in the Huang-HuaiHai Plain and southern Shandong Peninsula, and most of the rural residential lands area scale was more than 3 sq km in the 5 km×5 km grid. In the traditional agricultural areas, economic development, industrialization and business- service development have lagged behind, with industrial development in an initial stage, so that a low urbanization rate has been found. The livelihood of most farmers is dual status between urban and rural areas.(3) On time series, the rural residential land areas increased in the traditional agricultural region. At the same time,rural residential lands have been changed to urban land use types in the rural and semi- urban areas in the provincial capital cities and prefecture-level cities, so the rural residential land use area decreased.(4) The influencing factors of driving rural settlements and landform and structure change refer to many aspects, including natural environmental conditions, location conditions, level of economic development and farmers' income.