村级尺度下土地集约度因素分析——以山东省东老庄村为例

Study on land use at micro level: A case study of Donglaozhuang village, Shandong province

随着中国农村社会经济的不断发展,在不同地区不同尺度上呈现出不同的农业土地利用模式。在考察这些模式时,由于各个区位因子不同,需通过大量的实地调研以明确影响这些差异产生的因素。为此,基于对山东诸城市东老庄村种植户、养殖与种植户、大棚蔬菜种植户等案例的实地调研,分析了微观尺度下由于农户生产决策而导致的农业生产差异。调查确认,以农户住宅为中心形成了杜能模式的同心圆构造,在离家近的土地进行集约度较高的经营行为。而随着自行车、电动车、机动三轮车等交通工具的利用,距离因素的影响已经减弱,而与农业生产相关的土地利用集约度不断提高。造成这种土地利用集约度的根本原因并不是下地时间(时间成本)和运费,而是农产品的收益、劳动技能、农产品的市场需求、政策、社会文化等诸多因素。

Since the Thünen model was established, it has been validated, revised and expanded by many domestic and foreign scholars. Although fruitful results have been achieved,there are tremendous variations with different respects. Along with changes of agricultural production and rural social economy in China, when we investigate the patterns of land use at different levels, many problems have been identified when the Thünen theory is applied due to various location factors. Its true meaning is questioned as well, and this has to be explained through a large number of field surveys. In this paper, we analyzed the actual difference of the Thünen model in micro scale based on field surveys between grain farmers, hog and grain farmers, vegetable greenhouse farmers in Donglaozhuang Village in Shandong province. This difference is mainly determined by the farmers' decision making in agricultural production.Despite the difference in farmers' management behaviors, the structure of the Thünen model can be identified from the labor intensive property. The closer the place to home, the more intensive the labor will be. In addition, the difference in the distance is gradually disappearing along with the continuous improvement of transportation, such as the usage of bike, electric bikes, and motorcycles. It can be illustrated that the Thünen model focuses on the intensive model in agricultural production. The intensive model in agricultural production cannot be explained if only the time spent on the farmland(cost of time) and cost of transportation are considered. There are many other factors in addition to distance, such as income of farm produce, the improvement of transport, demand of consumers for all kinds of agricultural products, etc. At the micro level, when the farmland quality(fertile degree, slope, microclimate) is affected by the same natural condition, different productivity in farmland will exert effect on the distribution of crops compared with the distance between the farmland and home.Through this investigation, we found that many farmers in Donglaozhuang Village have gradually transformed agricultural management type from production of various crops to a few types of crops. An embryonic form of entrepreneur farmers has emerged to a certain extent,which pointed out the direction for the future development of rural areas in China.