2000-2010年广州市居住空间结构演变及机制分析

Evolution and mechanism of the residential spatial structure from 2000 to 2010 in Guangzhou

首先运用因子生态分析方法对广州市2010年的居住空间结构与居住人口特征进行分析,提取出6个主因子并划分为9类居住区,得出广州市居住空间具有明显的分异性。然后与2000年的居住空间结构进行比较,归纳出广州市居住空间演变具有历史延续性、市场及政策因素影响突出、空间拓展与城市发展同步、整体居住空间呈现"圈层+扇形"融合发展等特征。根据不同的空间层次特征,概括出四种演变模式:中心区稳定发展模式、近郊区商品房拓展模式、远郊区糅合发展模式和特定区保障房镶嵌模式。探讨了广州市居住空间结构的演变机制,包括历史发展惯性、房地产发展带动、住房保障影响、城市规划引导等四个方面。最后结合国内其他大城市相关研究推导出转型期中国大城市的居住空间结构。

Residential space of Chinese cities has changed dramatically since the land reform in1987, corresponding to the transition from centrally planned economy to the free market economy. Along with the permission of paid transfer of land use rights, real estate market and commodity housing have been blooming up in the last decades, which have significant impact on the urban spatial structure. Guangzhou, as the frontier of market- oriented reform and opening up, was used as the case to examine the transformation of urban morphology in the author's paper initiated in 2005. With the release of 2010 Population Census, this paper utilizes the similar methodology — factorial ecological analysis, to reveal the structure of residential space and the characteristics of residents in Guangzhou in 2010. The result shows that six main factors: self- built housing, reform housing, old housing before 1949, commodity housing,collective housing and production-included functional housing, are extracted, and nine kinds of residential districts are indentified, including self- built and commodity mixed housing,government public housing before the reform, enterprise public housing in the 1980 s,affordable housing after 2000, commodity housing after 2000 and so on. Compared with the structure of residential space in 2000, this study summarizes the evolutional characteristics of residential spatial structure in Guangzhou, which include 6 points:(1) Development of residential space in Guangzhou has historical continuity;(2) The impact of market forces on the residential space is growing rapidly;(3) Political factors play an important role in the change of residential space;(4) Spatial expansion of housing keeps the same pace with urban development;(5) The residential space in remote suburbs exhibits a pattern of blended development;(6) Residential spatial structure presents the integrated feature of 'circle & fan' shape. Then, the paper concludes four evolutional forms of residential spatial structure: stable development in central areas, expanded development of commodity housing in near suburbs,mixed development in outer suburbs, and mosaic development of affordable housing in selected areas. Finally, the evolutional mechanisms of residential spatial structure in Guangzhou are discussed, which consists of path dependence of historical development, realestate- driven development, implementation of affordable housing, and the urban planning guidance. It is worth to say that this paper tries to generalize the pattern of residential spatial structure of Chinese metropolitan cities during the transitional period, combined with the related research of other major cities.