论析高校学生自杀责任风险的控制

On the University Liability for Student Suicide

高校学生自杀责任治理结构存在着高校与学生及其家属关于责任分配的突出矛盾。基于高校与学生的特殊关系,高校对学生自杀风险存在合理注意义务,如因过失未能预见或未能采取适当的预防措施,导致学生自杀,高校应分情况承担相应的民事过失责任、连带责任或补充责任。同时,当下大学生自杀的高校责任在责任主体、责任范围以及社会责任等方面出现了扩张化趋势。因此,有必要通过多种管理措施防控大学生自杀的潜在责任,通过高校内部的分担机制防控大学生自杀的现实责任,通过高校责任险对大学生自杀风险进行社会化化解,以更好地维护高校、学生及其家属的合法权益。

In the governance structure of university student suicide,there existed an outstanding contradiction of liability distribution among the university,the student and the family.Based on the special relationship between the university and the student,the university had a reasonable care duty for student suicide.No foreseeing or taking appropriate preventive measures because of negligence,the university should bear civil liability for negligence,joint liability and supplementary liability for student suicide.Meanwhile,the current university liability for student suicide had an expansion trend of the liability subject,liability scope,and social liability.Therefore,to safeguard the legitimate rights of the university,the student and the family better,potential liability for student suicide should be prevented and controlled by various management measures;real liability for student suicide should be resolved with the liability share mechanism.