改革开放以来高等教育分权模式的问题与治理

The Problems of Higher Education Decentralization Model since the Reform and Opening and Its Governance

改革开放以来,我国高等教育分权改革的关键性特征在于将部分高等教育举办权、管理权下放给高校或地方政府。但这两种分权模式都存在重财政责任转移,轻决策分权,且行政部门控制和干预较强,缺乏法律规范和法律授权等问题,易使分权改革陷入"放乱收死"的恶性循环。治理的关键在于加强制度顶层设计和法治,转换政府职能,将办学权逐步交还高校,并增强其自主管理能力,形成能够确保大学自治的现代高等教育制度体系。

Since the reform and opening,the key characteristics of higher education decentralization model were delegating the running and management of higher education to colleges and universities or to local governments.However,there were some defects in both of the two models,such as the overemphasis on the transfer of fiscal responsibility and performance incentives with the under-emphasis on the decentralization of decision-making and supervisory incentives,the strong control and intervening of governments and the insufficient legal norm and statutory authority,which resulted in 'the chaos when released,and the stagnancy when retaken'.Therefore,it should establish a modern institution system to ensure the autonomy of colleges and universities,by the enhancement of the top-design and legal-based institutions,the transformation of government function,the return of decisionmaking power of higher education,and the strengthening of self-management mechanisms of colleges and universities.