取消与重塑:哈佛大学教育博士项目的改革与发展

Cancellation and Reshaping:On Reform and Development of Ed.D.Program in Harvard University

基于教育博士面临的诸多问题与挑战,哈佛大学教育研究生院对其博士学位制度进行了改革,"取消与重塑"成为改革主旋律:2009年首创教育领导博士学位;2012年与文理学院共同创设教育学博士学位;2014年取消教育博士学位。该项改革为博士教育提供了新的生长方向和发展契机,旨在匡正传统教育博士学位的目标偏差,进一步推动专业学位与学术学位的分野,力求摆脱教育博士教育长期"哲学化"的窘境。其改革启示是:厘清学位属性,明确培养目标;坚持大学自治,促进合作竞争;完善学位制度,革新学位体系;改革培养方案,实施跨学科培养。

Based on problems and challenges of Doctor of Education,Harvard graduate school of education(HGSE)had carried on drastic reforms for its doctoral degree system,'cancellation and reshaping'as its theme:Pioneering Doctor of Education Leadership(Ed.L.D.)in 2009,creating education PhD degree(Ph.D.)with liberal arts colleges in 2012,cancelling Doctor of Education(Ed.D.)in 2014.So far,over nearly a century since a doctorate in a single system,formed a new pattern that a professional doctorate and PhD both coexistence.New degree makes every effort to correct the goal deviation of traditional Ed.D.degree,further promote the boundary between professional degree and academic degree,as well as seek a way out for Ed.D.get out of the dilemma'philosophy'for a long time.Harvard's reform experience can offer beneficial reference for our country,clarifying degree properties,clear training objectives;Insist on university autonomy,promote cooperation and competition;improve degree system and innovation degree system;Reform training scheme and the implementation of interdisciplinary training.