乌鲁木齐市区机动车污染物排放特征研究

STUDY ON POLLUTANTS EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES IN URUMQI

选择乌鲁木齐市125条道路调研测试得来的数据分析了乌鲁木齐市在用机动车的行驶分布的规律、污染物的排放特点和机动车道路的行驶特点。然后使用COPERT本地化模型计算CO、NMVOC、NOx和PM的排放因子,并计算了2012年CO、NMVOC、NOx和PM的排放量。通过估算得到2012年乌鲁木齐市机动车CO、NMVOC、NOx和PM的排放量分别为94 087,17 886,25 079,1 489 t。柴油机动车对NOx、PM的排放分担比率较大,而柴油机动车的保有量的贡献比率偏低;柴油汽车的CO、NMVOC的保有量的贡献比率跟它的排放分担率相比,贡献率要大;占保有量22.3%的国Ⅰ、国Ⅰ前标准的机动车辆对机动车CO、NMVOC、NOx、PM的排放分担比率分别为50.5%、41.0%、51.5%和55.0%;占保有量64.3%的国Ⅲ、和国Ⅳ车辆对CO、NMVOC、NOx和PM的贡献率分别为35.2%、42.7%、35.6%和33.9%。

The pollutant emission characteristics and driving characteristics of vehicles in city of Urumqi,the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were analyzed by the data got on the selected 125 roads in the city. And then COPERT model was used to calculate the emission factor of CO,NMVOC,NOxand PM; the emission of CO,NMVOC,NOxand PM were 94 087,17 886,25 079 and 1 489 t in 2012,respectively. Passenger cars were the major exhausting parts of CO and NMVOC. Heavy truck contributes most to NOxemissions,and heavy truck,light truck and passenger car were also the PM main contributors. The NOxand PM contribution proportion of diesel vehicle were greatly larger than its quantities proportion,while the CO and NMVOC emission contribution proportion was less than its quantities proportion. The pre—EuroⅠand EuroⅠ vehicles significantly contributed to total CO,NMVOC,NOxand PM emission,with the contribution proportion 50. 5%,41. 0%,51. 5% and 55. 0% respectively,while its quantities were about 22. 3% of the total. In contrast,the CO,NMVOC,NOxand PM emissions of Euro Ⅲ and EuroⅣ vehicles were 35. 2% 、42. 7% 、35. 6% and 33. 9% respectively. So measures of controlling vehicle pollutants should focus on the pre-EuroⅠ and EuroⅠ.