《自然辩证法》的“自然”:生态伦理学的自然本体论

Nature of Dialectics of Nature:the Natural Ontology of Ecological Ethics

在《自然辩证法》中,恩格斯从自在自然和属人自然两个维度对自然的内核进行了科学和哲学双重解读。从自在自然看,自然具有自组织性、先在性和系统性、有机性,是惯常行程的自我生成,具有存在论意义。因而生态伦理学应该走出对人的"固恋","扩大道德共同体的边界",把自然纳入伦理的怀抱。从属人自然看,自然是人本学的自然与社会的自然的耦合,是对象性活动中的人化生成,具有对象性意义。劳动的对象性决定了人对自然的依赖性,决定了保全自然的逻辑必然性。如此,恩格斯对自然的本质规定性的理解,既超越了非人类中心主义的"无文明的生态",又超越了人类中心主义的"无生态的文明";它为生态伦理学的成立提供了充分的"自然本体论证明"。

In Dialectics of nature, Engels interpreted the nature of the kernel from both of free nature and humanized nature in scientific and philosophical manner. From the free nature, nature with self-organization, preexistence, systematicness and organic, is the usual route self generating, has ontological significance. Thus ecological ethics should not be strong attachment to human,but expanded the boundary of the moral community, nature bring into the arms of ethics.From humanized nature, nature is the coupling of humanistic nature and social nature, is objective activity of humanization, has objective significance.The object of labor determines that human dependence on nature, the logical necessity of the preservation of nature.So, Engels,understanding of the natural essence, is not only beyond the ecology of non-civilization of non-anthropocentrism, but also beyond the civilization of non-ecological of anthropocentrism; It provides a full natural ontological proof for the establishment of ecological ethics.Dialectics of nature; Nature; Ecological ethics; Natural ontology