节制德性视域下荀子的“礼”“欲”之辨

A View of Temperance Virtue On the Relation of“Li”and“Yu ”

荀子对于欲望的价值判断是矛盾的,欲望为恶、价值中立、为善等三种理论都有切实的文本依据。但这种矛盾更加突出了礼规范、指引欲望的重要作用,即节制的必要性。荀子通过礼乐制度、社会规范、德性培养三个方面,展示了"以礼治欲"的可行性,使得节制切实有效。荀子通过心能"知"、能"虑"、能"使"的独特功能,合理解释了性恶之人形成节制德性的可能性,受过道德教育的心能实现心灵的转向,遵循"道"的方向。

This essay argues the relation of'li'(礼) and'yu'(欲)from the view of temperance in Xunzi.We think that the value judgment of 'yu' in Xunzi is contradictory because of 'yu' could be evil,neutral or good. While the contradiction makes 'li' more necessary to manage and control 'yu'.Through the three aspects of national decrees, social norms, moral cultivation, Xunzi shows the feasibility of temperance. At last, Xunzi argues that'xin'(心)has the unique funcition of'zhi'(知)and 'lv'(虑)and 'shi'(使),explaining reasonably the possibility of temperance out of the evil people. Moral education is to change the original pursuit of'xin', thus following the guidance of'Dao'(道).