中小学数学比较任务中的直觉法则研究与展望

Intuitive Rules in School Mathematical Comparison Tasks

数学比较任务中有more A-more B和same A-same B两种直觉法则,直觉法则理论认为个体在面对数学和科学任务时,会根据与任务无关的外在明显特征进行反应,而不是根据与任务相关的概念;双加工理论认为存在以联想加工为基础的启发式加工系统和以规则加工为基础的分析式加工系统,当两种系统的作用方向一致时,决策和推理的结果既合乎理性又遵从直觉,而当两种系统的作用方向不一致时,启发式系统和分析式系统则存在竞争关系,占优势的一方则可以控制行为,直觉法则是启发式加工占优势的结果。克服直觉法则的教学方法有POE教学法、类比教学法和冲突性教学法。

There are two intuitive rules in the mathematical comparison tasks, more A-more B and same Asame B. The intuitive rule theory claims that human responses to scientific and mathematics tasks are determined by irrelevant, external features of the tasks instead of only by related concepts and ideas. Dual-system theory claims that the major reason for the intuitive rules occurring was that the automatically heuristic system overcame precisely analytic system, but correct respond is because analytic system overcame heuristic systems automatically respond. There are three types of teaching methods to overcome intuitive rules: POE teaching method, analogy teaching method and conflict teaching method.