新疆少数民族大学生的民族观及其影响因素

Ethnic Concept of Minority College Students in Xinjiang and its Influential Factors

在族群方面存在两种不同的观点,一种是族群本质论,另一种是社会建构论。采用问卷法对489名少数民族大学生进行调查后发现,少数民族大学生持有较高的民族本质论、较低的社会建构论。居住格局、家庭交流中使用的语言和混校类型会影响民族观的形成,其中,所生活的村庄或社区中与其他少数民族杂居的大学生持有较高的社会建构论,家庭语言交流中使用民族语的大学生持有较高的民族本质论、较低的社会建构论,所就读的中学中有其他少数民族学生的大学生持有较高的社会建构论。民族观会影响个体的身份归属,持高民族本质论的大学生倾向于将自己的身份归属为民族人,持高社会建构论的大学生倾向于将自己的身份归属为中国人。

There are two opposing views of ethnicity, one is essentialist theory of ethnicity, the other is social constructionist theory of ethnicity. After a survey of 489 minority college students in Xinjiang, the research reveals that the students possess more essentialist theory of ethnicity, and less social constructionist theory of ethnicity. The living pattern, language used in the family communication and mixing school type are main factors to affect the shaping of minority college students' theory of ethnicity. Ethnic Concept can influence students identity confirmation of individual,students with high theory of national essence are liable to consider themselves as ethnic minority and students who believe more social constructionist theory are liable to consider themselves as Chinese majority people.