3种磺胺类兽药单一及复合污染对不同作物根尖细胞的微核效应研究

Effects of Single and Combined Pollution of Three Common Sulfonamide Veterinary Drugs on Root Apical Cell Micronuclei of Different Crops

研究了磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)和磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)的遗传毒性。在去离子水中分别加入三种兽药的标准品,设计1、5、10、50、100 mg·L-1共5个剂量组,以蒸馏水为阴性对照,10 mg·L-1的Na N3溶液为阳性对照。用微核实验检测其对蚕豆、玉米、小麦根尖细胞微核的诱发效应,综合分析三种兽药单一及复合条件下的遗传毒性,为生态安全评价提供理论依据。结果表明:3种磺胺类药物作用于作物的根尖细胞均能诱发微核效应,说明3种药物对作物根尖细胞有一定的毒性作用,不同作物对3种磺胺类兽药的敏感性不同,在磺胺嘧啶(SD)和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)单一处理下,3种作物的敏感性分别为蚕豆>玉米>小麦;而磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)单一处理下,3种作物的敏感顺序为蚕豆>小麦>玉米。兽药复合时,单一兽药对作物的低促作用会消失且复合磺胺类兽药的毒性普遍高于单一兽药。

Genotoxicity of sulfadiazine(SD), sulfamonomethoxine(SMM)and sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)to crops was investigated under single and combined treatments. Five concentrations(1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg·L-1)of each of three veterinary drugs were generated by deionized water. Micronuclei of wheat, maize and broad bean root tips were counted by micronucleus test. All three sulfonamides induced micronucleus effects in the apical cells, illustrating the toxicity of sulfonamides to plant apical cells. Different plants had different sensitivity to three sulfonamides. In single SD or SMM treatment, plant sensitivity reduced in order of broad beans>maize >wheat, while the sensitivity to sulfonamide was broad beans>wheat>maize in the SMZ treatment. The promotion of single drug at low concentrations disappeared under combined pollution. The toxicity of combined sulfonamides was generally greater than that of single one.