晋南牛与部分地方黄牛之间遗传多样性分析

Analyses of Genetic Diversity among Jinnan Cattle and Three other Chinese Indigenous Cattle Breeds

旨在利用微卫星技术检测晋南牛、郏县红牛、鲁西牛和秦川牛四大地方黄牛的牛群遗传多样样及遗传结构。采用16个微卫星DNA标记对4个牛群进行检测分析。16个微卫星DNA标记中,除HEL9位点在所有牛群中呈单态外,其他15个位点的有效等位基因数为2~8个,平均有效等位基因数为3.067 6个。BM1818为低度多态(PIC=0.083 0,PIC<0.25),其余位点均为高度多态(PIC>0.5),其中HUAT24多态性最大(PIC=0.727 5)。4个牛群共检测到80个等位基因,其中晋南牛为63个,郏县红牛为65个,鲁西牛65个,秦川牛68个。在IDVGA46位点,仅有晋南牛有B等位基因,而在TGLA44位点,仅有晋南牛没有B等位基因。4个牛群的平均表观杂合度为0.385 2,平均期望杂合度为0.640 3,平均杂合度为0.578 0。晋南牛在NJ树上单独聚为一支,与鲁西黄牛、郏县红牛及秦川牛的遗传距离分别为0.809 3、0.759 8、0.807 1。结果表明,晋南牛遗传资源独特,群体遗传多样性丰富,是一个生长进化上较为封闭的群体。

The genetic diversity and genetic structure of Jinnan cattle,Jiaxian Red cattle,Luxi cattle and Qinchuan cattle were detected by microsatellite technology.Allele frequencies and distribution of 16 microsatellite markers were detected in 4cattle populations.Number of effective alleles of the other 15 loci was from 2to 8except HEL9 as a monomorphic loci in all individuals,and the average number of effective alleles was 3.067 6.BM1818 was low genetic polymorphisms(PIC=0.083 0,PIC<0.25),and the others were high genetic polymorphisms(PIC>0.5),with the highest PICvalue at HUAT24locus(PIC=0.727 5).80 alleles were identified in 4populations(63alleles in Jinnan cattle,65 in Jiaxian Red cattle,65 in Luxi cattle and 68 in Qinchuan cattle,respectively).The allele B at IDVGA46 was detected only in Jinnan cattle,and the allele B at TGLA44 was only lack in Jinnan cattle.Mean observed heterozygosity,mean expected heterozygosity and mean heterozygosity were 0.385 2,0.640 3and 0.578 0,respectively in 4populations.Jinnan cattle was independently clustered in the NJ tree and the genetic distance(DA)with Luxi cattle,Jiaxian Red cattle and Qinchuan cattle were 0.809 3,0.759 8and 0.807 1.There were spe-cial genetic characterics and sufficient genetic diversity in Jinnan cattle,and it was a relatively closed population in its evolutionary process.