孕前BMI对婴儿体格发育和营养状况的影响

Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on baby's physical growth and nutritional status

目的:探讨母亲孕前体质量指数(BMI)对婴儿体格发育及营养状况的影响。方法:对收集的491对母婴资料,按母亲孕前BMI分为孕前低BMI组(BMI<18.5 kg/m2,n=93)、孕前正常BMI组(18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2,n=326)和孕前高BMI组(BMI≥24.0 kg/m2,n=72)。运用重复测量的方差分析、中位数百分比法对3组婴儿的体格发育和营养状况进行比较。结果:高BMI组的婴儿体质量均高于正常BMI组及低BMI组(F=3.958,P=0.020)。低BMI组婴儿营养不良发生率随月龄呈下降趋势(χ2=5.611,P=0.018);高BMI组和正常BMI组婴儿超重肥胖率随月龄呈下降趋势(χ2=18.773,53.248,均P<0.001)。低BMI组婴儿营养不良发生率较高,高BMI组婴儿超重及肥胖发生率较高。结论:孕前BMI与婴儿发育状况有关,BMI过高或过低均会对婴儿体质量和营养状况产生不良影响。医务工作者应加强妇女孕前知识的普及,使其孕前BMI处于正常水平。

Objective: To explore the impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on baby's physical growth and nutritional status.Methods: A total of 491 pairs of mother-infant were divided into 3 groups according to mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI): a pre-pregnancy low BMI group(BMI<18.5 kg/m2, n=93), a pre-pregnancynormal BMI group(18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24.0 kg/m2, n=326), and a pre-pregnancyhigh BMI group(BMI≥24.0 kg/m2, n=72). Analysis of variance of repeated measurement data and the median percentage methods were used to compare the physical growth and nutritional status of babies in different groups. Results: Baby's weight in the high BMI group were higher than that in the normal BMI and the low BMI group(F=3.958, P=0.020). The incidence of malnutrition in the low BMI group showed a tendency to decline along with the months(χ2=5.611, P=0.018), the incidence of overweight and obesity in the high and the normal BMI groups displayed a tendency to decline along with the months(χ2=18.773, 53.248, all P<0.001). Baby in the low BMI group had higher incidence of malnutrition while baby in the high BMI group had higher incidence of overweight and obesity.Conclusion: Pregnancy BMI was correlated with the growth of baby. Too high or too low prepregnancy BMI exerts harmful effect on baby's weight and nutritional status. Medical workers should strengthen the education on women's pre-pregnancy to remind them keeping BMI at normal level.