论西周外缘区域——建立在考古材料基础上的分析

The Periphery of the Western Zhou:An Analysis Based on Archaeological Materials

西周时期,今山东地区、南方的淮河—长江流域,太行山东侧的冀北平原和西部的泾河、渭河上游等四个地区构成西周外缘疆域。考古发现揭示,西周疆域的形成有以下策略与规律,即:分封建国、以点带面,最大限度占有领土,并通过王室与诸侯国的配合或诸侯国的自发行为进行领土的扩张;注意自然地理环境的特殊性,分封边疆地区诸侯国,以占据极为重要的战略地带,集中防卫力量于最有效的部位,保障西周王朝核心地带和王室的安全;武力征服之外,加强先进文化影响力的辐射,将土著族群吸纳进西周王国的政治体制之中,实现疆域的拓展。

The periphery of the Western Zhou was composed of the Shangdong region, the Huai-Yang?tze River valley, the northern Hebei plain to the east of the Taihang Mountains, and the upper reach of the Jin and Wei rivers in present day. Archaeological findings have revealed the following strategies that the Western Zhou applied in developing its territory:Maximizing its geographical extent by establishing regional states and encouraging regional rulers to expand local territories; Installing regional stages on the strategic areas to form a fence to protect the core part and royal family of Western Zhou court;Casting cultural influ?ence on local areas and including indigenous people into the Zhou court administrative system as a way to consolidate the territory.