俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)家系构建及不同家系间生长性能比较

CONSTRUCTION AND COMPARISON IN GROWTH PERFORMANCE AMONG DIFFERENT FAMILIES OF ACIPENSER GUELDENSTAEDTII

利用收集的两个俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)群体为材料,采用群体间杂交的交配策略,以人工授精技术和苗种标准化培育技术为方法建立了30个俄罗斯鲟全同胞家系。在相同养殖条件下对5月龄和14月龄所有家系进行了50尾个体体长、体重和家系存活率的测定,对不同家系和不同时期的生长、存活性状进行了比较分析。结果显示,俄罗斯鲟个体体重性状的变异系数高于体长性状的变异系数,5月龄、14月龄体重、体长的变异系数分别为30.02%、31.46%、9.59%、10.65%;不同俄罗斯鲟家系间生长速度具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中在5月龄阶段,F1205家系增重最快,比所有家系均值高40.21%,比增重最慢的家系高120.83%,表现出明显的生长优势,14月龄阶段,F1213家系增重最快,比所有家系均值高17.69%,比增重最慢的家系高60.64%,但不同月龄阶段俄罗斯鲟家系的特定增重率、绝对增重率及体重值排序并不一致;两个标准化养殖阶段俄罗斯鲟家系的平均养殖存活率较高,但变异系数较低,分别为3.15%、5.28%。本研究结果表明,俄罗斯鲟生长性状具有较大的遗传改良空间和选育潜力,并为下一步的遗传选育提供了选育材料。

Thirty families of Acipenser gueldenstaedtii between two populations were established using artificial insemination technology in standard procedure for family production. Fifty individuals of each family that cultured under the same conditions were measured randomly at month 5 and month 14, and survival rate was calculated for each family of these stages. The result show that the coefficient of variation in body weight at month 5 and month 14 was 30.02% and 31.46%, higher than that of body length by 9.59% and 10.65%, respectively. Significant difference in growth trait was revealed among different families in different growth stages(P<0.05). In body weight, Family F1205 was ranked first at month 5 for 40.21% higher than the family average, and 120.83% higher than that of the lowest. In body weight, Family F1213 was the number 1 at month 14 for 17.69% higher than the family mean and 60.64% higher than that of the lowest. However, the order of these growing traits in different months varied. The average coefficient of variation of survival rates of the two growth months were low, which were 3.15% and 5.28%, respectively. Therefore, the potential for selection for better growth performance is great, and genetic materials for breeding selection is demanded in the future.