施肥方式对水稻抗病虫害能力的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization on the Capabilities of Rice's Resistance to Pests and Diseases

为了研究水稻自身抗病虫害能力,在不使用任何农药条件下,于上海郊区进行了不同施肥方式对水稻抗病虫害能力的影响试验。田间试验共分4个施肥处理:绿肥(GM)、饼肥(CM)、化肥(CF)和对照(CK)。结果表明:化肥处理小区,稻苗株高、分蘖数和叶片叶绿素含量均显著高于对照和其它处理;化肥处理稻苗茎叶总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、可溶性蛋白质(TSP)含量也高于对照和其它处理;但在水稻生长后期,化肥处理水稻纵卷叶螟、大螟虫、纹枯病和稻飞虱的发生率,显著高于对照和其它处理。最终,绿肥、饼肥、化肥和对照处理稻谷平均产量分别为3.93×103、4.06×103、3.61×103、3.83×103kg hm-2。化肥处理稻谷产量不仅低于绿萍和菜籽饼处理,而且还低于对照。这表明,稻田施用化肥,虽然有利于稻苗营养生长,但在未施洒农药的情况下,其抗病虫害能力显著降低,最终产量反而低。

A field experiment, without using any pestic ides, was carried out in the suburb of Shanghai, Southeast China, to study the capabilities of rice's resistance to pests and diseases. Four fertilizer treatments, including the applications of green manure(GM), rapeseed cake manure(CM), chemical fertilizers(CF) and no fertilizers(CK), were designed. The results indicated that the plant height, tiller number and chlorophyll content of the rice seedlings treated with CF were significantly higher than those treated with CK, GM and CM. Likewise, the contents of nitrate(NO3--N),total soluble protein(TSP) and total nitrogen(TN) in the rice seedlings treated with CF were also significantly higher than those with CK, GM and CM. However, at the middle and late stages of rice growth, the incidences of rice stem borers, sheath blight, leaf rollers and planthoppers treated with CF were significantly higher than those with CK, GM and CM. The yields of rice grain treated with CF, CK, GM and CM were 3.61 × 103, 3.83 × 103, 3.97 × 103and4.06 × 103 kg hm-2, respectively. The grain yield treated with CF was not only lower than that treated with GM and CM, but also was lower than that with CK. This suggests that the application of chemical fertilizer stimulates the vegetative growth of rice seedlings, but it weakens the capabilities of rice's resistance to diseases and pests and led to the lowest grain yield if no using pesticides.