吉林低山丘陵区土壤的入渗特征

Soil Infiltration Characteristics of Low Mountains and Hilly Area in Jilin Province

土壤入渗性能对于削减地表径流,减少水土流失具有重要的意义。利用环刀法,研究了吉林省低山丘陵区不同植被类型土壤的入渗性能。结果表明:(1)不同植被类型土壤稳定入渗率由大到小的顺序为蒙古栎>紫穗槐>落叶松>玉米>菜园>大豆>果园>杨树;不同植被土壤平均入渗速率由大到小排序为:蒙古栎>落叶松>紫穗槐>玉米>菜园>大豆>果园>杨树,落叶松、蒙古栎、紫穗槐的土壤渗透性能较好,杨树、果园的土壤渗透性能较差。(2)Horton公式拟合的稳定入渗率与实测值较为接近,Horton公式对本研究区土壤入渗过程拟合效果较好,比较适于描述本研究区的土壤入渗过程。(3)土壤初始入渗率与毛管孔隙度呈显著负相关,稳定入渗率和平均入渗率与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量呈显著正相关。由此可见,低山丘陵区要做好森林的保护和营造,从而增加土壤水分入渗,减少水土流失。

In this study, the double-ring in filtration method was used to measure the soil infiltration capability of different vegetation in the low mountains and hilly area of Jilin Province. The results indicated that:(1) the steady infiltration rate of soil was given as the sequence of Quercusmongolica woodland >Amorphafruticosa L. land >Larixolgensis Henry woodland > maize farmland >kailyard> soybean land > orchard > white polar forest; the mean infiltration rate of soil was given as the sequence of Quercusmongolica woodland >Larixolgensis Henry woodland >Amorphafruticosa L. land > maize land >kailyard> soybean land > orchard > white polar woodland; Quercusmongolica woodland, Amorphafruticosa L. land and Larixolgensis Henry woodland had the better soil infiltration capability, while that of Pingguo pear orchard and white polar woodland were worse.(2) Soil infiltration processes of different vegetation were fitted better by Horton infiltration model, showing the steady infiltration rates were simulated closer to the measured values. So Horton infiltration model should be the best model to describe soil infiltration process in the low mountains and hilly area.(3) There were significant negative correlations between the initial infiltration rate and capillary porosity. The steady infiltration rate and the mean infiltration rate were positively related to the content of soil water-stable aggregates(> 0.25 mm). Therefore, these suggested that trees should be protected and planted in the low mountains and hilly area in order to reduce soil and water loss.