湿地土壤重金属污染特征、来源及风险评价研究进展

Advances in Source, Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wetland Soils

湿地土壤重金属污染是当前湿地科学领域内的热点问题。论文较系统地总结了湿地土壤重金属在时间和空间上的污染特征,分析了湿地土壤重金属主要污染来源,总结了湿地土壤重金属形态的主要影响因素,评述了当前湿地土壤重金属在生态风险和健康风险评价方面的进展和不足。总体上,湿地土壤重金属含量在不同时间尺度上变化差异明显,在水平和垂直空间上的分布特征受人类活动方式和时间、湿地自然生态环境等因素影响。工农业活动、交通活动、人类生活废物排放、湿地商业开发等是湿地重金属的主要污染源。湿地水陆环境变化、氧化还原条件、人类活动等因素对湿地土壤重金属形态影响日益显著。最后,提出未来一段时间内湿地土壤重金属应加强研究尺度、手段和风险评价体系的研究。

Heavy metal pollution in wetland soils is a hotspot in the field of wetland science at present. Advance in the distribution characteristics, source, forms, ecological assessment of heavy metals pollution in wetland soils was reviewed and analyzed from domestic and abroad. Firstly, the characteristics of content and distribution in time and space of heavy metals in wetland soils were studied, showing the contents of heavy metals in wetland soils were different in different time scales and the distribution characteristics of heavy metals were influenced by human activities, time,wetland ecological environment and other factors in the horizontal and vertical space. Secondly, the human activities was the major sources of heavy metals in wetland soils, including the agricultural activities, industrial activities, traffic activities, wetland commercial development and so on. Thirdly, the results showed that the forms of heavy metals in wetland soils were affected by various factors, such as p H, oxidation-reduction potential(Eh), water environment of wetland and human activities, etc. Last, this article made a comprehensive analysis of the current research on the heavy metal ecological and health risk in wetland soils, pointing out that research scales, instruments and risk assessment system should be strengthened in wetland soils in the future.