“乡下人进城”衣食住行日常叙述的差异美学

The Differentiation Aesthetics in the Representations of the Clothing, Food, Residence and Traveling of Migrant Peasant Workers

衣食住行构成人的日常生活。"衣""食""住"是生命的基本需求,"行"乃是上述三者的保障。当代中国语境中,乡下人进城后的衣食住行诉求的差异是城乡政治的表现。在"乡下人进城"小说中,进城的乡下人的衣食住行的日常生活的叙述遵循的是一种差异美学。向往城里人的"衣""食""住"的现代化水平,是多数乡下人进城的行/进目的与动力。乡下人进城"行路难",是因为这些目标与原来乡村生活的水平有巨大差异,他们追求生活观念的变化与物质层面的现代性,但是结局或走向绝路,或踏上归途。进城的乡下人和城里人并非服膺于同质的现代性概念。在物质生活层面的进取与奋斗过程中,衣食住行蕴涵了进城的乡下人个体生存与政治制度、道德、文化的不谐与冲突。乡下人为城市化的"衣食住行"的基本生活而希望,在巨大的生存境遇的差异中,他们也在不断反抗自我的绝望。

Clothing,food,residence and traveling make up the daily life of people,and the first three are the basic needs of life while traveling becomes the condition for the three.The different preferences in clothing,food,residence and traveling means of the migrant peasant workers reflect the politics based on the distinction between the urban and the countryside.In the novels about the migrant peasant workers,the representations of their daily life in terms of clothing,food,residence and means of traveling highlight the aesthetics of differentiation.The pursuit of the lifestyle of the citizens is shown as the motivation of the migrant peasant worker,while the gap between their countryside life and the urban life engulfs them from the hoped-for life of modernity.The struggle for material and lifestyle change harbors the clashes and confrontations between the existence of these people and the political system,moral and cultural configurations.