以文学批评为枢纽的文学理论建构

The Construction of Literary Theory Centered on Literary Criticism

当代文学理论危机主要不在于理论自身的概念或逻辑问题,而根源于文学理论脱离文学经验的结构性危机。理论范畴的中西古今之争意义有限,更根本的出路是文学理论与文学批评融合,以重建"文学理论-文学批评-文学经验"这一基本结构。文学批评是联接并双向转换文学理论与文学经验的枢纽,也是评估文学理论危机的基本尺度。以文学批评为枢纽的文学理论建构,要求转变理论封闭式再生产、单向度规训文学批评与文学经验及以之为"例证"的科学演绎逻辑。文学批评也需要改变其前现代教化规训与无理论深度状况,而升格为文学理论实践探索形态。静态的知识体系依托文学批评激活为概念与经验融合的人文学科诠释状态,这不仅是文学理论创新发展的状态,也是符合文学理论特性的研究与教学模式。

The crisis of contemporary literary theory does not lie in literary theory itself or in its logic; instead,it is a structural crisis rooted in the divorce between theory and literary experience.Compared with the effort to re-establish the fundamental link between literary theory,criticism and experience,the debate over the theories between Chinese and the Western and between the classical and the contemporary does not hold much significance.Literary criticism connects literary theory and experience as it is not only the hinge between them but also the essential measurement to evaluate the crisis of literary theory.The construction of literary theory centered on literary criticism means that literary theory should change its closed self-reproduction and stop its onedimensional regulation of literary criticism and experience,doing away with the scientific logic of deduction which takes literary experience and literary criticism as evidences.In the meantime,literary criticism must avert from the pre-modern moral doctrines and promote its theoretical reaches to explore the theoretical practice.When the knowledge system of theory is vitalized through literary criticism,a hermeneutic field of the humanities may thus be formed,in which literary experience and literary concepts are well integrated.This formation may become both a new phase of literary theory development and allow for a new mode of literary theory teaching and research.