流域生态补偿研究进展

A Review of Advances in Payment of Ecological Services Research in Relation to a Catchment

本文结合生态补偿的理论,综述流域生态补偿的基本概念和理论,总结补偿标准制定方法,概括补偿的原则、政策、措施等主要环节,提出目前存在的问题(过于依赖政府主导,补偿重点不明确,补偿范围不明晰,立法未完善等)。并提出了今后应注意的问题,展望了未来的研究重点:首先,继续保持政府监督,引入市场手段论证实施流域生态补偿;二是分清保护性和破坏性生态资源利用行为,采取灵活方式,对相应行为补偿额度进行调整,以有效筹措补偿资金、优化补偿资本来源;三是东西部地区流域内人口、资源、环境等各方面特点不同,补偿应分清"有水无水"和"水好水坏"的问题,采取不同的侧重点。随着丝绸之路经济带建设的推进,西北地区祁连山生态保护与治理已经列为所在各省的战略之一,内陆河流域资源禀赋的发挥要综合考虑生态效益、社会效益和经济效益;四是加强针对生态要素的立法,如土壤保护法、清洁空气法等,建立健全法律制度,保障流域生态补偿的有效进行。

In this paper,we reviewed the basic concepts and theories of PES(Payment of Ecological Services)or so-called compensation,summarized the compensation standards,development of compensation methods,outlined compensation principles,policies,measures and other key areas,such as the current problems raised too dependent on government leadership,the focus is not set clearly,compensation range is not clear,legislation does not perfect etc.Also,an outlook on future research should pay attention to the problems and priorities:firstly,to maintain government supervision,while introduce several marketbased instruments during the implementation of river basin ecological compensation.Secondly,to distinguish between the use of protective and destructive acts of ecological resources,so as to adopt a flexible approach on the behavior of the corresponding amount of compensation to be adjusted to compensate effectively raise funds,and optimize the compensation of capital sources.Thirdly,given that the characteristics of the eastern and western basin areas varied from population,resources and environment,the compensation should distinguish between 'arid or wetland' and 'bad water or good water' to take a different focus.In addition,as the implementation of 'Ancient Silk Pathway' policy,ecological protection and environmental management has been set to the initial strategy.And the endowment of resources should synthetically take ecological,social and economic factors into account.Fourthly,to strengthen legislation against ecological factors,such as the Soil Protection Act,the Clean Air Act,to fulfill the establishment of a sound legal system,and protection of ecological compensation for effective watershed.