明清时期的官方理学和非官方理学

Neo-Confucianism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

我国明清时期的统治思想是程朱理学。但在理学中,又有官方理学与非官方理学的区别。官方理学是以明代薛瑄、胡居仁,清代熊赐履、李光地等人为代表的理学,其学与权力、利禄相结合,在理论上日渐僵化。非官方理学是以明代罗钦顺、王廷相,清代顾炎武、王夫之等人为代表的理学,其学对程朱均有所批评,富有理论的创新性。在明清,官方理学与非官方理学都批判心学。对他们来说,心学无疑是异端之学。

The ideology in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was Chengzhulixue,a major philosophical school of neo-Confucianism. This school had two factions:the official school represented by Xue Xuan and Hu Juren in the Ming Dynasty,and Xiong Cilv and Li Guangdi in the Qing Dynasty whose theory was considered rigid for its close connection withpower and wealth; the nonofficial school represented by Luo Qinshun and Wang Tingxiang in the Ming Dynasty andGu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi in the Qing Dynasty injected new life into Confucianism studies. Regardless of their discrepancy,they both considered the philosophy of mind,another school of Confucianism,tantamount to heresy.