学派琐谈——围绕“中国学派”的思考

Reflections on Academic schools

"社区学派"或"中国功能学派"是中国社会学、人类学史上一个富有生命力的学派,还曾被当作"中国学派"的标志。但从学科史的角度来看,学派在正常情况下应呈现一种多元共生现象,范式统一往往不是学术发展与范式转换的自然过程和结果,而是特定意识形态强力作用下的历史产物。区分国际/国内具体场景,认识学派的主观建构性,廓清个人与学派的关系、学派与一国学术传统的差别,对于深入理解中国人类学、民族学学科及其学派的划分很有必要。

'The school of community'or'Chinese functionalist school'is a school full of vitality in the history of Chinese sociology and anthropology,and has been seen as the logo of 'Chinese school'. However,history of the related disciplines tells us,school is characterized by multiplex symbiosis under normal circumstances; the unity of paradigms is often not the natural process and result of academic development and paradigm shift,but the historical product of the particular ideology. In order to deepen the understanding of Chinese anthropology / ethnology,it is necessary to distinct between international / domestic specific scenes,to be aware of the constructive feature of school,and to clarify the relationship between representative figures and school,and the difference between school and national academic tradition.