城镇化视阈中人地挂钩制度创新及保障机制

Institutional Innovation and Guarantee Mechanism of Human-land Linking under Urbanization

采用新制度经济学研究方法,针对城镇化视阈中人地挂钩的多种要素、多元主体间的制度创新动因、运行模式、损益及冲突、流程设计和保障机制进行系统研究。结论表明,人地挂钩制度创新动因是城镇化进程中土地城镇化与人口城镇化的脱节、土地粗放利用与经济产值及人口承载力的偏差、土地空间融合与人口身份隔离等人地脱钩,是制度供需矛盾的必然产物。人地挂钩的制度具有协同管理、要素流动、权益保障、宏微观定位等功能,运行模式有城市化率增长匹配模式、地随人走模式以及"有效就业"指向的激励模式。人地挂钩制度创新对城市新市民、城市原市民、迁入地企业、迁入迁出地地方政府、中央政府等不同参与主体具有正和或零和收益,但推行过程面临创新主体利益、进程快慢、地区差异引起的潜在冲突与挑战。实践保障上,人地挂钩制度包括8个环节操作流程和4方面的系统支撑。

The paper adopted methods of new institutional economics,and systematic studied variety factors,multiple subjects,operation-al modes,profit and loss,conflicts,process design and guarantee mechanism of human-land linking institutional innovation. The research results show that Human-land linking institution innovation is mainly due to 3 main reasons:( 1 ) Uncoupling of land urbanization and population urbanization;(2) Deviation during land extensive use,economic output and population carrying capacity;(3) Unlinking of land’ s space fusion and population’ s identity isolation. This innovation is inevitable of institution supply and demand system. Human-land linking institution has functions as collaborative management,the elements flow,right protection and macro and micro positioning. Its operation modes conclude matching urbanization rate growth,people moving with land and operation mode directed by effective em-ployment. Human-land linking institutional innovation has positive or zero benefits to multiple participators such as city’ s new citizens, former citizens,and enterprises in targeted region,local governments and the central government. However,benefits of participators,pro-cessing and regional differences in institution pushing will cause challenges and potential conflicts in institutional innovation. In prac-tice,human-land linking includes 8 linkages of operation process and 4 aspects of supporting systems.