美国经验与普遍诉求——美国中国学思想研究方法论之再研究

American Experiences and Universal Requests:A research on Methodologies of Researches on Thoughts in American Chinese Studies

对普遍主题的诉求和对特殊性的确认之间的复杂张力与对话关系,构成了美国中国学思想研究的对话核心与展开主轴。对话理论在人文思想领域方法论中强调对话的多主体性、平等性和文本的对话性与媒介作用,亦构成这一文化对话的重要内容。众多汉学家首先对根据西方自身经验而得的既有假设进行纠偏,确立中西文化各自的主体性和平等性;以此为前提,在平行对话的层面上,着眼于中西文化共相的方法,通过寻找普遍主题和相应的思想文本处理方法来构建文化对话平台,着眼于中西文化殊相的方法,通过强调中国文化的特殊性和情境性研究方法来强化中西文化对话的双主体性;而对历史上的直接文化接触和其中的知识分子进行的研究,则通过历史情境角度寻找文化对话交流的范式,并形成了历史上的文化对话、研究者与历史进行对话的双重对话形态。这些研究视角构成了中西文化视域碰撞融合中的各种动态平衡的对话关系,并形成了丰富的思想经验,值得持续注意与研究。

Overseas Chinese studies are provided with their nature of cultural dialogues because of the fusion of their cross-cultural sights,and they have stereoscopic and plentiful forms and levels of dialogues and can be inspected in the dialogue theory.The complicated tension and dialogic relationships between and within requests for universal themes and confirmation of particularity constitute the dialogic core and the principal axis of the researches on thoughts in American Chinese studies.The dialogue theory emphasizes multi-subjectivity and equality of dialogues and the dialogicality and medium of texts in the methodology of humanities,and all these are also important contents of the cultural dialogues in American Chinese studies.American sinologists first correct existing assumptions elicited from western experiences so that they confirm the respective subjectivity and equality of Chinese and western cultures.In this precondition,American sinologists who focus on common points between Chinese and western cultures search for universal themes and corresponding methods of dealing with texts to build a platform of cultural dialogues,while those who focus on distinctions emphasize particularity and situationality of Chinese cultures to consolidate the double-subjectivity of cultural dialogues between Chinese and western cultures.Researches on direct cultural contact in history and intellectuals in such contact are in search for patterns of cultural contact via historical situations,and establish a double-dialogue both in historical cultural contact and between researchers and history.All these perspectives constitute various dynamic balanced dialogic relationships in collision and fusion of sights between Chinese and western cultures and abundant experiences of thoughts,which are worth continuous attentions and researches.