山杏花粉形态特征与花粉萌发的关系

Study on Pollen Morphological Characteristics and Its Relationship with Pollen Germination in Armeniaca sibirica

为研究山杏花粉超微结构形态特征以及花粉萌发率和花粉管生长状况,以10个山杏无性系为试材,采用扫描电镜观测方法进行观察。结果表明:山杏花粉形状为长球形或超长球形,具三孔沟,极面观为圆形、三角形、三裂三角形和三裂圆形,按NPC系统分类均属N3P4C5型。花粉表面纹饰有条纹-纹孔型和条纹型2大类条纹,每大类又各分为3个亚类;供试材料中,6个无性系花粉为正常可育,2个为半不育,1个为高不育,1个为全不育;花粉粒极轴长与花粉萌发率、花粉管长度呈显著正相关,花粉粒大储存的营养物质丰富,有助于花粉萌发。花粉萌发沟长度/极轴长度与花粉萌发率和花粉管长度呈显著负相关,萌发沟长度/极轴长度值大于1时,花粉萌发率较低,萌发沟长度/极轴长度值小于1时,花粉萌发率较高。本研究为山杏种质资源的分类、杂交育种等提供了借鉴和参考。

With ten clones of Armeniaca sibirica as the test material, the method of scanning electron microscope was used to study pollen morphological characteristics of Armeniaca sibirica, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth. The results showed that the pollen shapes of Armeniaca sibirica were prolate or perprolate with three colporate, polar view was circular, three lobed triangular, triangular, and three lobed circular. According to the NPC classification system, it belongs to N3P4C5 type. The surface sculptures of Armeniaca sibirica can be divided into two types: stripe-with cavity-liked sculpture group and striated sculpture group, and each type can be divided into three sub categories; For the test of Armeniaca sibirica clones, 6 clones for the normal pollen fertility, 2 for the half sterility, 1 for the high sterility and 1 for the whole sterility. Pollen germination rate and pollen tube length were positively related to pollen polar axis length, and the greater of the pollen grain volume the pollen nutrients stored is more rich and more helpful to pollen germination. The germination ditch length/polar axis length of pollen showed a significantly negative correlation with the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length. When the germination ditch length /polar axis length value was greater than 1, the pollen germination rate was lower. When the germination ditch length/polar axis length value is less than 1, the pollen germination rate was higher. The results provide reference for the classification of the germplasm resources and the hybrid breeding of Armeniaca sibirica.