松辽流域相似类型区典型作物灌溉用水定额对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Typical Crop Irrigation Water Quota From Similar Areas in Songliao Basin

灌溉定额差值成因分析对灌溉定额的编制和修订有一定的借鉴作用。松辽流域内各省区《行业用水定额标准》中灌溉定额差距过大,为了研究其差异原因,以辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省及内蒙古自治区为研究区域,以灌溉面积大于5%的农作物为研究对象,选取中等干旱年的定额值,对相似类型区的定额差异进行横向对比。探究各定额值中包含何种用水量后,去除编制条件影响,以净灌溉定额为基准,从影响因素角度探讨存在差异的原因。结果表明:在四个省区中,辽宁各作物灌溉定额均最低,同一作物灌溉定额与内蒙古相差达到8000m3·hm-2,但其中部分差值是合理的。关键在于编制定额考虑因素不同,如编制标准中选取净定额与毛定额的差异,灌溉方式的差异,是否包含附加用水、生育期用水量、其他用水损失异等,内蒙古土壤薄、渗透量大同样会增加定额值。最后提出各省区应统一制定标准、严格执行规范中注明的定额概念等建议。

Causes of crop irrigation quota difference to be analysed are good for the compilation and revision of irrigation quota.The gap is too far between provinces in Songliao basin. Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia were selected as study area, and the crops which more than 5% of area were irrigated were as object of study. The quotas in medium drought years were comparative analysed. The results indicated that Liaoning Province irrigation norm was the lowest(8000 m3·hm-2, compared with Inner Mongolia). The key factor lies in the differences of net irrigation quota, irrigation methods, additional water, growth period, and oil. The large infiltration capacity in Inner Mongolia could also increase the value. The proposals for water quotat such as uniform standards, and the quota concept were put forward.