甘肃临夏农牧交错区牦牛、犏牛易地育肥试验

Study on the fattening the yak and yak-cattle crossbreed in the agro-pastoral transition zone in Linxia Prefecture of Gansu Province

在甘肃临夏农牧交错区开展了牦牛、犏牛舍饲育肥试验,研究不同精粗比(0∶10、2∶8、3∶7、4∶6)的日粮(Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组日粮)饲喂家畜的效果。结果表明,在临夏地区2011年10月底至次年3月进行牦牛、犏牛易地育肥,家畜适应性强,育肥效果明显。饲喂Ⅰ组日粮的牦牛日增重比对照(传统精料配制方式饲喂)提高了32.43%,增重率提高了5.04%,增重效果显著(P<0.05);饲喂Ⅱ组日粮的牦牛日增重比对照提高了26.98%,增重率提高了3.81%,增重效果显著(P<0.05);饲喂Ⅰ组日粮的犏牛日增重比对照提高了29.26%,增重率提高了6.94%,增重效果显著(P<0.05);饲喂Ⅱ组日粮的犏牛日增重比对照提高了28.82%,增重率提高了6.21%,增重效果显著(P<0.05)。因此,在临夏地区推行农牧系统耦合、易地育肥牦牛和犏牛的产业发展模式,不仅可以增加农耕区居民的经济收入,而且可以减轻草原牧区的载畜压力,实现生态和经济的良性耦合。

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of fattening yak and yak-cattle crossbreed fed in the sheds in agro-pastoral zone,Linxia Prefecture of Gansu Province.The results indicated that the best time for fattening the yak and yak-cattle crossbreed in Linxia was from Dctober to March,when the livestock show high adaptation to local environments.The daily body weight gain and the body weight rate of the yaks fed with diet Ⅰ were significantly(P < 0.05) improved by 32.43% and 5.04%,respectively,in comparison with those of the control.The daily body weight gain and the body weight rate of the yaks fed with diet Ⅱ were significantly(P < 0.05) improved by 26.98% and 3.81%,respectively,in contrast to those of control.The daily body weight gain and the body weight rate of the yak-cattle crossbreeds fed with diet Ⅰ were significantly(P < 0.05) improved by 29.26%and 6.94%,respectively,in comparison with those of the control.The daily body weight gain and the body weight rate of the yak-cattle crossbreeds fed with diet Ⅱ were significantly(P < 0.05) improved by 28.82% and 6.21%,respectively,in contrast to those of control.It can be concluded that,fattening the yak and yak-cattle crossbreed with concentrates in shed is a good integrated economic-ecological system,which can not only promote the economic incomes for the livestock-fattening farmers in agro-pastoral zone of Linxia,but also increase the off-stock rates of grazing livestock and reduce the grazing pressures in the pastoral areas.