纤维素-钙纤维的制备及阻燃性能表征

Preparation and Flame Retardant Properties of Cellulose-Ca Fibers

将纤维素纤维接枝马来酸酐后,与Ca CO3反应得的到含钙离子的纤维素-钙纤维,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、极限氧指数、锥形量热对其燃烧性能及热稳定性进行了表征。傅里叶红外光谱在2597 cm-1的羧基O-H伸缩振动和1214cm-1的CO-OH的伸缩振动及纤维样品在在2500~2800 cm-1区间内吸收峰的变化证明了接枝方法的可行性和纤维素-钙纤维成功制备。极限氧指数测试结果发现含有钙离子的纤维素纤维的阻燃性明显提高。通过锥形量热测试表明,钙离子促使纤维素纤维生成更多的残炭,降低了纤维燃烧过程中的热释放量。扫描电子显微镜对热解残渣分析表明,钙离子在纤维素纤维中的含量越高,残渣表面越致密,纤维阻燃性越好。最后提出钙离子对纤维素纤维的阻燃机理。

Cellulose-Ca fibers were obtained through esterification of cellulose fibers with maleic anhydride first and thereafter reaction with calcium carbonate. Combustion properties and thermal stability of cellulose-Ca fibers were characterized by FT-IR,limiting oxygen index(LOI),cone calorimetry(CONE). The peaks of O- H and CO- OH stretching vibration of carboxylic at 2597 cm- 1,1214 cm- 1indicate that maleic acid is grafted successfully on macromolecular chains of cellulose fibers. The LOI result indicates cellulose-Ca fibers have a better flame retardancy compared with cellulose fibers. And the CONE and SEM result shows the heat release rate(HRR) and total heat release values(THR) of cellulose-Ca fibers are significantly less than those of cellulose fibers,and decrease with increasing the calcium ions content. The calcium ions in cellulose fibers promote generation of the char residues. The flame-retardant mechanism of calcium ions for the cellulose fiber was presented.