基于基尼系数的中国重要矿产资源分布不均衡性分析

Uneven spatial distribution analysis of important Chinese mineral resources based on Gini coefficients

为对我国矿产资源空间分布的不均衡性进行定量化的测度和比较,进一步明晰不同种类的矿产资源的空间分布特征,进而为政府进行差别化管理和精细化管理提供支撑,本文采用基尼系数和洛仑兹曲线相结合的方法,以矿种在省域空间的地均查明资源储量作为指标,对我国28种重要矿产资源的空间分布状况进行定量分析,并按不均衡程度将28种矿产划分为4类,结论显示:总体上看,我国矿产资源的空间分布均具有明显的不均衡性,有15种矿产的空间分布不均衡程度相对较高,而不均衡程度相对较低和极高的矿种较少,共6种,不均衡程度相对中等的矿种有7种。从矿类上看,3种能源矿产的空间分布不均衡程度都相对较高,金属矿产基本属于相对中等和相对较高,共有13种,所选取的10种非金属矿产在四种分类中均有,根据分析结论,进一步提出将矿种的空间分布不均衡性作为矿产资源分类管理的空间要素。

In order to quantitatively measure and compare imbalances of the spatial distribution of different kinds of mineral resources in China,master the spatial distribution characteristics of different kinds of mineral resources,and assist the government in formulating different management measures,we analyzed the spatial distribution of 28 important mineral resources using the Gini coefficient method and Lorentz curve. We identified resource reserves per area in provincial space as the analysis index and found that the 28 minerals can be divided into four types.The results show that the spatial distribution of the main mineral resources in China is imbalanced:for 15 minerals the spatial distribution uneven degree is relatively high;six minerals have a relatively low and uneven degree;and seven minerals are relatively moderate. Considering ore type,an uneven spatial distribution degree for three kinds of energy minerals are relatively high;13metallic minerals are relatively moderate and relatively high;and the selected 10 kinds of nonmetallic minerals are scattered across four classifications. We suggest that the different spatial distribution uneven degree of mineral resources should be space elements of classified management of mineral resources,and this can provide important information for the Chinese government when developing resource management policy.