基于产业链分析的中国铟锗镓产业发展战略研究

Development strategies for the Chinese indium, germanium and gallium industry based industry chain analysis

铟、锗、镓资源在信息通讯、新能源、现代航空、现代军事等高新技术领域具有广泛应用,是中国战略性新兴产业发展的重要资源,中国是三种资源的主要供应国,但产业发展面临诸多问题。本文通过战略环节分析和产业链类型分析,首先确定铟锗镓产业的战略环节和产业链类型,同时通过对中国铟锗镓产业战略环节和非战略环节的分析,提出面临的问题和对策建议。分析认为:1尽管铟锗镓产业的原材料是稀缺性的矿产资源,但产业链属于产品导向型产业,战略环节为深加工及元部件产业;2中国铟、锗、镓产业战略环节发展呈现出有好有坏、总体向好的趋势,但仍面临多种技术问题;3中国铟锗镓初级产品严重过剩,从短期来看,国家收储和泛亚有色金属交易所提出的铟金融化能够消化过剩产量,但长期仍需依赖下游产业发展增加国内需求;4铟、锗、镓是伴生资源,未来极有可能因为铅锌、氧化铝等产能过剩及其他问题引发原材料供应不足,应有意识限制初级产业发展,逐步发展回收产业;5提出了打造一条以深加工、元部件产业为核心,以初级产业、回收产业两种原料供应模式为基础、以废料合理回收为补充的循环产业链,实现铟锗镓制造业新升级,使资源在中国内部循环,使产品在全球流动,实现铟锗镓资源效益最大化。

Indium, germanium and gallium are widely used in high technology fields such as information and communication technologies, new energy, modern aviation and the military, all of which are important strategic emerging industries in China. China is the main supplier of the three kinds of minerals, but the development of their industries faces several problems. Here, we identify the indium, germanium and gallium industries and types of industry chains through strategic sector analysis and industry chain analysis. We then outline problems, countermeasures and suggestions via indium, gallium and germanium industry strategic sector and non-strategic sector analysis. We found that indium, germanium and gallium industrial chains belong to product-guided chains and the strategic sectors are the deep-processing industry and components industry. The development of their strategic sectors in China is good overall, however technical problems persist. Their primary products are in serious excess in China: the storage of the country and the financialization of indium proposed by the FANYA Metal Exchange can digest excess production in the short term,but China should vigorously develop downstream industries to increase domestic demand in the long term. They are developed with other minerals and it may cause inadequate supply of raw materials because of overcapacity of alumina, lead and zinc. China should limit primary industry development and develop the recycling industry gradually. Creating a recycling industry chain with a deep-processing and components industry as the core, primary industry and recycling industry as two raw material supply systems and waste recycling will create new upgraded manufacturing industries for indium, germanium and gallium.