基于选择实验法的胶州湾湿地围垦生态效益损失评估

Valuing the loss of ecological benefits from wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay based on choice experiments

选择实验法是当前国际上用于评估资源环境价值的前沿方法。本文针对胶州湾湿地围垦生态影响,应用选择实验法,评估湿地围垦造成的生态效益损失,提出生态修复优选方案。在查阅文献和咨询专家的基础上,确定了湿地面积、植被覆盖率、湿地水质和生物多样性4项湿地修复属性。通过对胶州湾地区293名居民进行随机抽样调查,定量评估了湿地修复中不同属性的支付意愿价值,评估结果显示:若将湿地的各项属性修复至基线水平,居民的支付意愿约为321.78元/(年·户),据此测算胶州湾湿地围垦的生态效益损失约为7.67亿元/年。研究结果进一步表明:4个属性中居民对湿地面积变化的关注程度最高,其次是湿地水质,因此政府应当制定以恢复湿地面积为重点的湿地保护和修复政策。

The Choice Experiment is a new method to assess the economic value of resources.Here,we evaluated the loss of ecological benefits caused by wetland reclamation,applying the Choice Experiment method to the case of Jiaozhou Bay,Shandong,China. By reviewing the literature and consulting experts,we divide wetland restoration attributes into four parts:wetland area,vegetation cover rate,water quality and biodiversity. We sampled 293 residents in Jiaozhou Bay at random to evaluate their willingness to pay regarding different wetland restoration attributes and found that the willingness to pay is 321.78 CNY per household per year in order to restore each attribute to baseline levels. Therefore,the loss of ecological benefits from wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay is 767 million CNY per household per year. The change in wetland area is the first most important concern for local residents(willingness to pay=117.26 CNY per household per year),while improvement of water quality is the second most important concern(willingness to pay=97.91 CNY per household per year). The last two are the improvement of vegetation cover rate(willingness to pay=58.41 CNY per household per year)and biodiversity(willingness to pay=51.19 CNY per household per year). The government should develop proper restoration policy in which enlarging the wetland area should be a key focus. In addition,improving the vegetation cover rate,water quality and biodiversity in the wetland should also be key matters for the government.