农户对自然保护区综合影响的认知研究——以陕西省国家级自然保护区为例

The combined influence of nature reserves from the perspective of farmer households in Shaanxi

自然保护区的建设在一定程度上加剧了发展需求与生态保护需求之间的冲突。本文基于自然保护区周边社区农户视角,对自然保护区利弊的农户认知及其影响因素进行了分析。从保护区周边社区农户的角度来看,目前在自然保护区建设中,野生动物致害较为严重,但生态旅游增加了农户收入。此外,农户比较认同自然保护区的生态防护、保护物种资源和生态旅游的功能,但是认为自然保护区政策中补偿金额较小。自然保护区补偿低、林地限制利用和林地面积小构成了社区居民参与保护区内林业经营的主要障碍。通过因子分析和多项Logistic回归分析,结果显示保护区对粮食种植、林业经营、劳动力转移、生态旅游收入、野生动物致害的影响,保护区的物种资源保护、生态旅游、生态防护等功能的实现,保护区政策实施中补偿金额小、补偿金发放不及时等问题,林农参与保护区森林经营中存在的补偿标准低缺乏动力、林地限制利用收益受损、面积太小收益低等障碍,以及性别和人均收入等,均对农户的自然保护区的综合影响认知具有显著性影响。

The establishment of nature reserves intensifies the conflict between the need for development and the need for ecological protection. From the perspective of farmer households who live in communities around nature reserves,we analyzed farmers' cognition of advantages and disadvantages of nature reserves and influencing factors using Descriptive Statistical Analysis,Factor Analysis and Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis. From the perspective of farmer households,the damage caused by wild animals is severe and farmers' income is increased by ecological tourism by nature reserve development. Farmer households have a positive understanding of ecological protection,species conservation and the function of ecological tourism in nature reserves,but they think the compensation,regulated by Nature Reserve Policy,is too low.Low compensation in nature reserves,limits on the use of forest land and small area of forest land are the main obstacles to community residents' participation in forestry operation in nature reserves. The following factors have a significant influence on farmer households' cognition of the combined influence of nature reserves:gender;per capita income;the influence of nature reserves on crop growing,forest management,labor transfer,ecological tourism revenue;wild animal damage;function realization of ecological tourism,protecting species resources and the ecological environment in nature reserves;small amount and no-timely ecological compensation;obstacles to participation in forestry operation including a lack of motivation;woodland use restrictions;and low income from nature reserves.