林改后闽浙赣家庭林业全要素生产率变动比较

Comparative analysis of total factor productivity change among family forestry operators since forest tenure reform in Fujian,Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces

为了找出集体林权制度改革后家庭林业全要素生产率(TFP)的变动规律,论文以闽浙赣2004-2009年237个林农的跟踪调查数据为基础,以农户家庭林业经营为决策单元,以林地面积、劳动力、资金为投入变量,以林业总产出为产出变量,运用DEA-Malmquist模型测算TFP,运用Tobit回归找出关键影响因素,并进行对比分析。结果表明:技术进步是家庭林业TFP增长的主动力。闽浙赣家庭林业技术进步年均增长率依次为-4.3%、13.4%、8.9%,使得其TFP年均增长率差异很大,依次为-4.4%、9.1%、5.8%。规模效率变动及生产要素配置水平变动的个体差异较大,直接导致三省家庭林业TFP变动的个体差异均较大,且浙江、江西远大于福建,均需要扩大林改成果的社会惠及面。虽然对各省家庭林业TFP产生显著影响的因素有所不同,但户主受教育年限、林业经营条件、资金来源渠道和林业管制政策执行属于影响两个省的共同因素。强化林业科技推广、加快林地流转、加强新型林农培育、加大林业基础设施建设、健全林业多渠道融资机制和规范政策执行等措施有利于家庭林业生产力水平持续增长,规范林地流转、发展林农专业合作组织和促进林农相互交流等措施有利于扩大林改成果的社会惠及面。

We attempted to identify change patterns in total factor productivity(TFP)for family forestry operators in Fujian,Zhejiang and Jiangxi,China since forest tenure reform was implemented. We conducted a comparative analysis of TFP changes calculated using the DEA-Malmquist model with the input variables of forestland area,labor and capital,and the output variable of total forestry output value. We identified the key influencing factors of TFP changes in each of the three provinces using Tobit regression. Data used in this analysis were drawn from annual surveys of 237 farmer households from 2004 to 2009. We found that technological progress was the main driving force of TFP growth. Fujian,Zhejiang and Jiangxi forestry technological annual change rates were-4.3%,13.4% and 8.9%,making the TFP annual growth rates-4.4%,9.1% and 5.8%,respectively. Variations in the TFP change rate among individual households were all large and differed considerably from province to province,pointing to an urgent need to extend reform benefits to more social groups. These variations mainly came from variation in the scale efficiency change rate and pure efficiency change rate,rather than the technology change rate.Although key factors affecting family forestry TFP growth were differed across the three provinces,household heads' education,forestry operating conditions,funding channels and implementation of forestry policy affected two provinces significantly. Advancing forestry technology promotion,accelerating forestland transfers, encouraging farmer cultivation, strengthening forestry infrastructure,broadening forestry financial channels,regulating forestry policy implementation and reducing forestry taxes were conducive to the sustainable growth of family forestry TFP.Developing forestry cooperation organizations,regulating forestland transfer processes and promoting communication among foresters would increase the number of recipients of reform benefits.