基于农用地分等和地球化学调查的开封市大蒜适宜性评价及种植区划

The planting suitability and division of garlic based on agricultural land classification and geochemical survey in Kaifeng City

本研究以开封市特色农作物大蒜为研究对象,结合地球化学调查和农用地自然质量分等成果,根据研究区优质大蒜生长所需的土壤元素及其含量值,选取了污染元素As(砷)、Pb(铅)、Cd(镉)、Hg(汞)和Cr(铬)作为有害污染元素,全量B(硼)、S(硫)、Se(硒)、Zn(锌)和Cu(铜)作为有益元素,构建评价模型,利用Arc GIS空间分析,对区域特色农作物大蒜进行适宜性评价以及种植区划。研究区域只有Pb、Cd的污染指数有小范围大于1,土壤综合污染指数评价结果显示:199.07%的土壤处于安全无污染级别,0.93%的土壤存在污染,主要分布在市区及周边;2有益元素单项富集指数中S元素比较丰富,其他元素处于适中偏缺乏状态;有益元素区域综合富集指数评价结果显示,开封市47.94%的土壤有益元素处于丰富状态,37.89%的土壤处于适中状态,14.17%的处于缺乏状态。结合农用地分等结果,确定开封市大蒜种植适宜性分为:最佳适宜种植区、一般适宜种植区、勉强适宜种植区、不适宜种植区4个级别,其中最佳适宜种植区耕地面积为14.66万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的33.99%;一般适宜种植区耕地面积为16.15万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的37.44%;勉强适宜种植区耕地面积为5.75万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的13.33%;不适宜种植区耕地面积为6.67万hm2,占开封市耕地总面积的15.24%。最后根据研究结果对开封市大蒜种植现状范围进行了区划调整。

Here,we combine results of geochemical surveys and the natural quality of agricultural land classification,select the pollution elements As,Pb,Cd,Hg and Cr as harmful pollution elements and total amount elements B,S,Se,Zn and Cu as beneficial elements,construct an evaluation model,and use spatial analysis to evaluate the planting suitability and division of garlic.We found that the pollution index indicated that only a few areas of Pb and Cd were more than 1,the soil comprehension pollution index confirmed that 99.07% of the soil was in a security level,and 0.93% of the soil was polluted,which was mainly distributed in the city and its surroundings.The enrichment of single index indicated that the content of S was much richer,while the content of other elements was in a state of moderate or lacking. The region comprehension enrichment index evaluation demonstrated that 47.94% of the soil was rich,37.89% of the soil was in a moderate state,and 14.17% of the soil was in a lack of state. Combined with the results of agricultural land classification,the planting suitability of garlic was divided into four levels:most suitable,generally suitable,reluctantly suitable and unsuitable areas. Among this,the most suitable planting area was 146.6 thousand hectares,accounting for 33.99% of cultivated land in Kaifeng;the generally suitable planting area was 161.5 thousand hectares,accounting for 37.44% of cultivated land in Kaifeng;the reluctantly suitable planting area was 57.5 thousand hectares,accounting for 13.33% of cultivated land in Kaifeng;and the unsuitable area was 66.7 thousand hectares,accounting for 15.24% of cultivated land in Kaifeng. Last,we adjust the range of garlic planting status.