农户宅基地演变过程及其调控研究进展

A review of research on the rural homestead evolution process and its regulation

基于农户视角的土地利用变化驱动机制研究成为当前学者归纳总结农村发展及其土地利用问题的重要手段,本文采用文献归纳与综述方法对农户层面的宅基地利用现状、内部结构、形态、功能、文化景观进行回顾与分析基础上,从农户宅基地演变内外部因素与人均用地标准调控等方面剖析其动力机制。认为在农户层面宅基地利用演变等数据获取与研究方法选择方面,以村域为基本单元,运用"3S"技术将农户问卷调查的社会经济属性数据与宅基地空间属性数据进行链接,注重农户宅基地演变驱动机制的多学科综合研究。在研究视角方面,将社会经济转型耕织于农户宅基地演变及其调控研究的全过程。在研究内容方面,将农户生计转型及其行为决策融入宅基地演变动力机制及其调控策略分析框架,根据农户分化及其宅基地功能和需求层次,从宅基地功能类型划分和用地标准控制及聚居点类型体系构建等方面探讨其调控策略,并设计多元化的政策措施。同时,应强化农村宅基地流转和退出背景下农户用益物权及其增值收益分配机制研究,探索促进农村宅基地高效集约利用的空间重构体系,研究农户行为方式及其收入水平与农村宅基地演变耦合机制,为分类指导农户宅基地用地标准提供政策依据。

Research into driving mechanisms of land use change from the perspective of peasant households has become important to summing up rural development and land use issues. Here,we review the literature and use inductive methods to review the present situation,internal structures,patterns,functions and cultural landscape of rural homesteads at the peasant level. We analyze its dynamic mechanism from the aspect of rural homestead evolution internal and external factors and per capita construction land standard regulation. 3S technology is employed to link social and economic data from farm-household questionnaires with rural homestead spatial attribute data,while taking village as the unit and paying more attention to multidisciplinary research. From the visual angle of research,the social and economic transformations are integrated into the whole evolution process of rural homestead evolution and its regulation. From the aspect of research content,household livelihood transformation and behavioral decision-making are integrated into the analysis framework of dynamic mechanism and regulation strategies of rural homestead evolution. According to rural-household differentiation and rural homestead function and demand level,control strategies from the aspect of type division based on regional function of rural homestead,land use standard control,settlement type system construction at the village level,and designed diversification policy measures are discussed. Suggestions include,enhancing research on the distribution mechanism of household profit real rights and value-added income under the background of rural land circulation;exploring reconstruction of the spatial structure system to promote rural homestead intensive use efficiency;and analyzing coupling mechanisms of rural households behavior and income levels with rural homestead evolution. These improvements will provide land use standards for rural homestead policy-making.