旅游业“挤出效应”与区域差异分析

The crowding-out effect of tourism and regional differences

我国财税制度改革以后,在各地方财政收入既定的情况下,各地因基础设施差异,在不同投资导向和旅游业投入产出水平影响下,旅游产业挤出效应也各不相同。本文对这个推论进行了验证,得出旅游规模较大地区如北京、上海等或是历史文化名城、或是政治经济中心等因素,又以第三产业发展为中心,旅游业对其他产业的挤出效应较小;而旅游规模较小的地区或是地处内陆、但却拥有丰富的旅游资源如安徽、内蒙古等;或虽缺乏旅游资源,但交通发达、是对外贸易的枢纽如广东、辽宁等,旅游业对其它产业挤出效应最大;旅游规模中等地区大多都是以第二产业为主,近年来虽对旅游投资有所增加,政府或私人投资首先倾向当地主导产业,因而当地的优势主导产业挤占了旅游业发展所需生产要素。最后针对旅游业不同的挤出效应提出了相应发展战略。

After reform of China's tax system,differences in local infrastructure under the influence of different investment and tourism-oriented input and output levels means that the crowding-out effect of tourism industry varies. Here,we validate this inference,and conclude that the crowding-out effect of tourism over other industries is small in areas with larger travel size such as Beijing that are either a historical and cultural city or political and economic center. The crowding-out effect of tourism over other industries is the largest in areas with smaller travel size,which is either landlocked but rich in tourism resources,or lacks tourism resources but plays a key position in foreign trade. Regions of medium travel size are mostly dominated by secondary industries. Although investment in tourism has increased in recent years,the propensity of government and private investment is firstly towards local leading industries,thus the production factors needed for development of the tourism industry have been occupied by local leading industries. Corresponding development strategies have been proposed for the tourism industry with different crowding-out effects. In areas with larger travel size,we should focus on economies of scope to improve the development of the tourism industry. In areas with smaller travel size,investment should be increased to develop potential tourism resources and facilities,while taking advantage of economies of scale. In regions of medium travel size,tourism development is largely dependent on strengthening the construction of tourist facilities,using a variety of measures such as improving the accessibility of attractions,reducing the cost of all kinds of tourism,and making use of economies of scale and economies of scope.