苹果可溶性糖组分及其含量特性的研究

Studies on the Characteristics of the Composition and Content of Soluble Sugars in Apple Fruit

以132个苹果品种为试材,采用离子色谱法对其成熟果实的可溶性糖组分进行测定,并测定其可溶性固形物含量(TSS)、可溶性糖含量(SS),利用频次分析、相关性分析、回归分析等统计分析方法,明确苹果果实可溶性糖组分含量水平及其分布和定量关系。结果表明,苹果中的可溶性糖以果糖为主,其次是蔗糖和葡萄糖,山梨醇含量最低,约4/5的品种蔗糖含量高于葡萄糖含量;含量离散度山梨醇>葡萄糖>蔗糖>果糖;果糖含量、蔗糖含量、甜度值、TSS和SS均服从正态分布,去掉个别拖尾品种后葡萄糖含量和山梨醇含量也呈正态分布;果糖含量与甜度值之间、TSS与SS之间均存在极显著一元线性关系,相关系数达0.9450和0.8797;TSS、SS均存在关于其他指标的多元线性模型,且拟合精度和预测精度很高。

Contents of soluble sugars in fruit of 132 apple cultivars were determined by Ion Chromatography. Statistical methods(such as frequency analysis,correlation analysis,and regression analysis)were used to clarify the level of each index and its distribution,the variation tendency between indexes,and the quantitative relationships between/among indexes. The results showed that fructose was the most dominant soluble sugar in apple,the second one was sucrose and glucose,and the last one was sorbitol. In fruit of about 4/5 apple varieties studied,content of surcose was higher than that of glucose. The discrete degree of content of soluble sugars in apple was sorbitol > glucose > sucrose > fructose. Five indexes of apple(including fructose content,sucrose content,sweetness value,TSS,and SS)distributed normally. Glucose content and sorbitol content of apple also distributed normally if a few varieties were removed from the samples. Between fructose and sweetness,as well as between TSS and SS,there were significant linear functions with correlation coefficient of 0.9450 and 0.8797 respectively. In apple,both TSS and SS had multiple linear regression models concerning some other indexes with high fitting precision and high prediction accuracy.