整枝方式对甘蓝胞质雄性不育系原种繁殖的影响

Effects of pruning patterns on original seeds breeding of cabbage CMS

【目的】探究整枝方式对甘蓝胞质雄性不育性(CMS)植株结实性、种子形态特征、种子活力和种子产量等主要指标的影响,为甘蓝胞质雄性不育系原种繁殖时种子品质和数量的提高奠定基础。【方法】选用甘蓝胞质雄性不育系Y03CMS-815638为试材,待主花枝生长出1级分枝后设4种整枝处理,处理1:选留1级分枝(D1);处理2:选留主花序和1级分枝(D2);处理3:选留1级分枝和2级分枝(D3);处理4:不整枝,自然状态生长(CK)。种子成熟后比较不同整枝方式对甘蓝Y03CMS-815638植株结实习性、种子形态特征、种子活力和种子产量的影响。【结果】整枝处理后,单株有效结荚率和单株有效分枝率等结实习性指标,种子均匀度和饱满种子所占比例等种子形态特征,种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等种子活力指标,单荚平均种粒数、千粒质量和平均单株产量等种子产量指标均表现为D2】D1】D3】CK。经方差分析,处理D1和D2的单株有效结荚率、单株有效分枝率、种子均匀度、种子发芽率等指标均极显著高于CK,处理D1和D2的种子发芽势、活力指数、单荚平均种粒数等指标均显著高于CK。【结论】整枝处理使甘蓝单荚平均种粒数和种子均匀度提高0.6~0.8粒和10.4%~16.4%。选留主花序和1级分枝是甘蓝胞质雄性不育系Y03CMS-815638原种繁殖的植株最佳整枝方式,其植株结实性最好,单株有效粒数高达4 197粒,种子色泽黑亮、饱满,发芽指数和活力指数分别为48.8和137.17,千粒质量3.6g。

【Objective】The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of pruning patterns on main indexes of cabbage CMS including fruiting habits of plant,morphological characteristics of seeds,growth potential of seeds and seed yield,which would lay a foundation for improving the quality and quantity of original seeds.【Method】Cabbage CMS'Y03CMS-815638'was selected as test material.Four pruning treatments were designed after the main squid had the 1st branch.Treatment 1:only the 1st branches were selected(D1),Treatment 2:the main inflorescence and the 1st branches were selected(D2),Treatment 3:the 1st and 2th branches were selected(D3),and Treatment 4:No prune under natural conditions(CK).The effects of different pruning patterns on fruiting habits of plant,morphological characteristics of seeds,growth potential of seeds and seed yield were compared after seeds matured.【Result】Fruiting indexes including effective rate of pod per plant and effective number of branches per plant,morphological indexes of seeds including degree of seeds evenness and percentage of plump seeds,growth potential indexes ofseeds including germination rate,germination potential and vigor index,and seed yield indexes including average number of seed per pod,thousands seed weight and seed yield per plant of different treatments were in the same decreasing order of D2>D1>D3>CK.Effective rate of pod per plant,effective number of branches per plant,seeds evenness and germination rate of D1 and D2were significantly higher than CK and percentage of plump seeds,germination potential of seeds,vigor index of seeds,average number of seed per pod and thousands seed weight of D2 were all higher than CK based on variance analysis.【Conclusion】Average number of seeds per pod and degree of seed evenness increased by 0.6-0.8and 10.4%-16.4%,respectively under pruning treatments.The main inflorescence and 1st branches treatment(D2)was the best pruning pattern for original seeds breeding in cabbage CMS'Y03CMS-815638'.With the best pruning pattern,the fruiting habits were the best,the effective seeds per plant was as much as 4 197,seeds were brown,bright and plumpness,and germination index,vigor index,and thousands seed weight were 48.8,137.17,and 3.6g,respectively.