陕南茶园土壤微量元素有效性评价研究

Evaluation of available trace elements in soil of tea garden in Southern Shaanxi

【目的】研究陕南茶园土壤中有效态微量元素铁、锰、硼、锌、铜的含量与分布,为陕南茶园的培肥管理及茶叶生产的高产优质提供理论基础。【方法】采集陕南茶园268个土壤样品,测定土壤样品中有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、有效锌、有效铜的含量,对其有效性进行评价,并分析陕南茶园土壤有效态微量元素与pH、有机质的相关关系。【结果】陕南茶园土壤有效铁含量普遍偏高,平均值79.98mg/kg,远高于临界值(4.5mg/kg);土壤有效锰含量变幅较大,且普遍严重缺乏,平均值53.31mg/kg,远低于临界值(100mg/kg);有效硼缺乏较为严重,平均值0.49mg/kg,稍低于临界值(0.5mg/kg)。从整体来看,陕南茶园土壤并不缺锌、铜,有效锌含量平均值2.71mg/kg,高于临界值(1.5mg/kg);有效铜含量平均值3.60mg/kg,高于临界值(2.0mg/kg)。陕南茶园土壤微量元素含量在不同地区表现有差异,其中土壤有效铁和有效锌的排序为紫阳>平利>南郑>西乡,有效锰的排序为紫阳>西乡>南郑>平利,有效硼的排序为紫阳>南郑=平利>西乡,有效铜排序为平利>紫阳>南郑>西乡。5种土壤有效态微量元素与pH的相关性均不显著;土壤有效锰、有效硼与土壤有机质相关性不显著,但其余3种土壤有效态微量元素与有机质含量呈正相关,且相关性达显著水平。【结论】陕南茶园土壤有效态微量元素含量各等级分布频率不同,表明陕南茶园土壤中微量元素的有效性是不均衡的,且不同地区的土壤间微量元素含量具有一定差异,应根据各地土壤微量元素含量的不同情况进行配方施肥,并且多施有机肥。

【Objective】The research was conducted to study the content and distribution of trace elements in tea garden soil in Southern Shaanxi for the accurate management of tea garden and high quality of tea.【Method】A total of 268 soil samples were collected from tea garden soil in Southern Shaanxi.Contents of available Fe,Mn,B,Zn,and Cu were determined,the effectiveness was evaluated,and the correlation between soil pH,organic matter and available trace elements was analyzed.【Result】Available Fe in tea garden soil in Southern Shaanxi was generally high with average of 79.98mg/kg,which was much higher than the critical value(4.5mg/kg).Available Mn ranged significantly with average of 53.31mg/kg,much lower than the critical value(100 mg/kg).Lack of available B was serious with average of 0.49 mg/kg and lower than the critical value(0.5mg/kg).Generally,available Zn and Cu in the tea garden soil were not inshort with average values of of 2.71mg/kg and 3.60mg/kg,higher than the critical values of 1.5mg/kg and 2.0mg/kg,respectively.Differences existed in contents of trace elements in different areas.Available Fe and Zn were in a decreasing order of Ziyang>Pingli>Nanzheng>Xixiang,available Mn was in a decreasing order of Ziyang>Xixiang>Nanzheng>Pingli,available B was Ziyang>Nanzheng=Pingli>Xixiang,and available Cu was Pingli>Ziyang>Nanzheng>Xixiang.Correlations between soil pH and available trace elements were insignificant while positive correlations between organic matter and available trace elements were significant except for available Mn and B.【Conclusion】Grade distribution of available trace elements in the tea garden soil in Southern Shaanxi was different,indicating that the effectiveness of the trace elements was unbalanced.The use of organic fertilizer would be beneficial for increasing the content of available trace elements and different fertilizing methods should be carried out according to contents of trace elements.