苜蓿不同品种与雄性不育系MS-GN杂交F_1代草产量和品质分析

Yield and quality of hybrid F_1 grass of different alfalfa varieties with male sterile line MS-GN

【目的】筛选适合与不育系MS-GN杂交的苜蓿品种,以有重点、有目标地加强优良苜蓿品种的选育。【方法】以紫花苜蓿雄性不育系MS-GN为母本,与来自美国、俄罗斯和我国的优良紫花苜蓿品种为父本配置的15个苜蓿杂交组合为材料,对其第1茬牧草初花期的株高、单株分枝数、鲜干草质量等产量性状和粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、纤维和叶茎比等品质性状进行分析,并通过聚类分析和相关性分析对其进行综合评价。【结果】不同苜蓿杂交组合间无论是产量还是品质均有一定差异,组合6×M株高最高,单株分枝数以组合12×M最多,组合15×M和11×M的鲜、干草产量均较高;以俄罗斯引进资源为父本的组合在株高上表现突出,以我国苜蓿品种为父本的杂交组合无论干草还是鲜草产量均远远超过来自美国、俄罗斯2个国家父本的杂交组合,更具有高产潜力;组合15×M品质更优,但由于试验选取的杂交组合数量有限、聚类分散,尚未能确定出不育系MS-GN与哪国父本资源的杂交组合更有优质潜力。【结论】至少在东北地区,雄性不育系MS-GN与我国的苜蓿品种杂交具有获得优质高产组合的潜力,其次是美国的种质资源,但要据此筛选综合性状优良的苜蓿杂交组合尚存在一定困难,仍需进一步的试验与研究。

【Objective】This study aimed to select alfalfa varieties suitable for hybrid with alfalfa male sterile line MS-GN and strengthen the focused and purposeful selection of the good alfalfa varieties.【Method】15alfalfa cross hybrids with alfalfa male sterile line MS-GN as the female parent and excellent alfalfa varieties from United States,Russia and China as male parent were used to study yield traits including plant height,branch number,fresh yield,hay yield and quality factors including CP,EE,NFE,NDF,ADF,stem/leaf at the beginning of flowering of the first cutting.Comprehensive evaluation was also conducted by cluster analysis and correlation analysis.【Result】Different alfalfa hybrid combinations had certain differences in both yield and quality.The 6×M had the highest plant height,the 12×M had the most branches per plant,15×M and 11×M cross combinations had high grass yield.The combinations with male parent from Russian had better height,while the hybrid combinations with native male parent had betterhay and fresh yield performance and higher potential high yield than the male parents from Russia and United States.Combination 15×M had better quality.However,due to the limited number of hybrid combinations,and it was failed to identify the male parent with higher quality potential.【Conclusion】Alfalfa male sterile line MS-GN bred with native alfalfa varieties had the potential to get a combination with high quality and high yield at least in the northeast region,followed by the resources from the United States.But difficulties exist to select alfalfa cross combinations with best comprehensive properties based on this study,and further testing and research is needed.