高回收率膜法苦咸水淡化工艺的应用研究进展

Progress in Investigation and Application of High Recovery Brackish Water Membrane Desalination Technology

膜法苦咸水淡化过程中,符合环境保护要求的浓排水处理方法成本高昂,所以只有当回收率达到较高值时,在实际运行中才具有经济可行性。目前,在不加剧膜污染的条件下进一步提高苦咸水淡化系统回收率的方法已成为该领域研究热点。本文详细综述了高回收率膜法苦咸水淡化工艺的应用研究进展,包括基于反渗透、纳滤、正渗透、膜蒸馏、电渗析和电容去离子化淡化工艺过程,以及这些过程面临的热点问题,并对此提出了建议。

The costs of environmentally responsible brine disposal methods at inland sites can be prohibitively expensive in membrane brackish water desalination processes. As a result,it is often economically infeasible to develop such ground water sources unless very high product water recovery is attained. High product water recovery in membrane desalination processes is often limited by scaling of sparingly soluble salts when the concentrate above the solubility limits in the highly concentrated brine.Therefore,attempt was currently made to solve or mitigate scaling of membrane for brackish water desalination while remaining or further increasing overall system product water recovery. In this paper,the progress in improving the recovery of brackish water desalination by membrane technology including reverse osmosis( RO),nanofiltration( NF),forward osmosis( FO),membrane distillation( MD),electrodialysis( ED) and capacitive deionization( CDI),the scaling problem therein,as well as critical issues existing in this region were presented and commented extensively. In addition,the problems and suggestions for the current research status are proposed.