丙交酯开环聚合反应的新型有机催化剂

New Organic Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide

作为生物高分子降解材料,聚乳酸具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,已经广泛应用于包装材料、农用薄膜等环境领域和药物控制释放体系、医用缝合线、组织工程支架等医学领域。丙交酯开环聚合是制备聚乳酸的理想之选,其催化体系目前以金属催化剂为主,但金属离子在聚合物中的痕量残留和细胞毒性限制了聚乳酸在生物医学及微电子领域的应用,而有机催化剂能够克服这些缺点,是目前聚乳酸合成领域的研究热点。本文从不同的活化机理角度,阐述了近年来有机催化剂在合成聚乳酸中的研究进展,总结了各种催化体系在活性、结构可控性及选择性方面的特点,同时展望有机催化剂在开环聚合反应中所面临的机遇与挑战。

Polylactide has many applications in packaging,drug delivery,and microelectronics and so on due to its biocompatible and biodegradable properties. The ring-opening polymerization of lactide is the ideal choice for the preparation of polylactide. Organometallic catalyst is often used in ring-opening polymerization. However,heavy metal contaminants and the cytotoxicity from the catalyst residues in the polymer can have detrimental effects on the performance of the final polymers,especially for application in microelectronics and drug delivery. Organic catalysts can solve the above-mentioned problems. In this paper,the progress of organic catalysts in the preparation of polylactide is reviewed based on their different active mechanisms. The feature of the different organic catalysts in activity,selectivity and architectural control is summarized. Finally,the opportunities and challenges in the use of organic catalysts in the ring-opening polymerization are highlighted.