秦汉时期监察制度的变迁

Changes in the supervisory system in Qin and Han Dynasties

我国古代监察制度形成于秦汉时期,它奠定了我国两千多年封建监察制度的基础。御史监察系统方面,御史大夫领导下的御史府行使中央最高监察权,西汉末期交由御史中丞掌管。地方上,秦朝的监郡御史、汉朝的刺史代表皇帝监察地方官员,成效显著。与此同时,以谏议大夫、中大夫等为代表的言官规谏系统确立并起到一定的监察作用。西汉时期,我国最早的系统监察法规《监御史九条》和《六条问事》出现,开始了监察制度法律化的进程。秦汉时期的监察制度虽不完善,但它强化了皇权,对后世影响深远。

The supervisory system formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties in ancient China, it lays the foundation of Feudal Supervisory system for China two thousand years. In the censor supervisory system, the leadership of the central government to exercise the highest imperial supervision power, in the end of the Western Han Dynasty by the censor in charge. In the Qin and Han Dynasty, imperial supervisor of the county governor on behalf of the emperor to monitor the local officials, with remarkable results. At the same time, the counsellor doctor as the representative of the supervisors system established to monitor these role. In the Western Han Dynasty, the earliest system supervision regulations appeared, started the legal supervision system process. During the Qin and Han Dynasties supervision system was not perfect, but it had strengthened the imperial power, the profound influence to the later generation.