西方近代法治观

The western modern concept of the rule of law

近代西方思想家,包括十七八世纪启蒙思想家和19世纪资本主义法治的理论家,他们从不同角度论证了法治原则问题,促进了法治的形成与发展。本文分别介绍了三种法治观:自由法治,英国法治的特点是与个人自由相联;积极法治,其特点是将自由从客观的自然要求变为人的主动追求,将自由从消极自由发展为积极自由,使国家从一个消极的守夜人变成一个积极的参与者;形式法治国理论,特色:其一,皆强调使用法律作为约束国家权力的工具。其二,权力分立原则的确立。其三,思想渊源问题:美国宪政的启示。

Modern Western thinkers, including seventeen in eighth Century and nineteenth Century enlightenment thinker of capitalist legal theorists, they demonstrated the principle of the rule of law problems from different angles, promoted the formation and development of the rule of law. This paper introduces three kinds of the concept of the rule of law: freedom and rule of law, English law is associated positively and individual freedom; rule of law, its characteristic is the freedom from the objective natural requirements into active pursuit of people, will be free from the negative freedom for the development of positive freedom, make the country from a negative into a vigil active participants; the formal rule of law theory, characteristics: first, all emphasized the use of law as a restriction of state power tools. Secondly, the establishment of the principle of separation of powers. Third, the thought origin problem: USA constitutional implications.